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Year 9 Sujects > Science Genetics And Inheritance Revision > Flashcards

Science Genetics And Inheritance Revision Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of chromosones are there in every cell?

A

23 pairs of chromosones

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2
Q

How many chromosones come from the sperm cell?

A

23

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3
Q

How many chromosones come from the egg cell?

A

23

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4
Q

What is another name for the egg and sperm cells?

A

Gametes

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5
Q

What do you call the single cell created after the fusion of the gametes?

A

The Zygote

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6
Q

How many pairs of chromosones does the zygote have?

A

23

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7
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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8
Q

What is variation?

A

The difference between individuals of the same species

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9
Q

What causes can variation be due to?

A

Genetic or environmental causes

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10
Q

Who were the main two people to discover DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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11
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA

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12
Q

Does each chromosone from the parent have to have the same version of a gene?

A

No, it can be a different version of a gene

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13
Q

What do you call different versions of a gene that code for different versions of a charicatristic?

A

An allele

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14
Q

What is a homozygous allele pair?

A

When the alleles in a matching pair are the same

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15
Q

What is a heterozygous allele pair?

A

When the alleles in a matching pair are different

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16
Q

What is a dominant allele represented by?

A

Capital letter

17
Q

What is a recessive allele represented by?

A

Lowercase letter

18
Q

What is the allele pair for each charictaristic called?

A

The genotype

19
Q

What is the physical expression of the allele pair called?

A

The phenotype e.g. Rr = red petal rr = yellow petal

20
Q

Name two diseases linked with genetics

A

Cystic Fibrosis, Polydactyly

21
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

When a large amount of mucus builds up in the lungs and digestive system

22
Q

Name 3 symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

A

Chest infections
Wheezing, coughing and damage to the airways
Yellowing of skin and whitening of eyes
Diarrhoea, constipation and large, smelly excrement

23
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

When a baby is born with one or more extra fingers/toes.

24
Q

Where on the hand/foot is the extra finger(s) located?

A

Next to the pinky finger or little toe

25
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

When someone chooses plants and animals with the best traits that benefit them and breeding them over and over.

26
Q

Why would someone selectively breed?

A

To get the best possible results out of what they are breeding

27
Q

What is cloning?

A

Making genetically identical copies of organisms

28
Q

How many animals are usually involved in a cloning process?

A

3

29
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

Year 9 Sujects (6 decks)

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