Science lesson 11 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is thermal energy?
Heat energy
Thermal energy is the energy that comes from the temperature of matter.
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
It can only be transformed from one form to another.
What is thermodynamics?
The study of thermal energy
It encompasses various laws and principles related to heat and energy.
Define thermal equilibrium.
Two objects that don’t transfer heat to each other
This occurs when both objects are at the same temperature.
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
If two things are the same temperature as a third thing, they are also the same temperature as each other
This law establishes a basis for temperature measurement.
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only changed into other kinds of energy
It emphasizes the conservation of energy in physical processes.
What does the second law of thermodynamics explain?
Things naturally go from order to disorder (entropy), and energy spreads out
An example is that you can’t unmelt ice without using energy.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin), its entropy approaches a minimum value — usually zero
This law highlights the behavior of systems at extremely low temperatures.
What is heat in terms of atomic motion?
Atoms in motion
Heat is related to the kinetic energy of atoms.
What is a heat source?
The hotter item that transfers heat
In a heat transfer process, it is the object providing the heat.
What is a heat sink?
The item receiving heat
It absorbs heat from the heat source.
Define radiation in terms of heat transfer.
Heat that travels through space and air
It does not require a medium to transfer.
What is radiant heat?
Heat that moves through empty space
It is a type of heat transfer that occurs without contact.
What is convection?
Heat that transfers in fluids
This process involves the movement of the fluid itself.
What causes a sea breeze?
Cool wind that blows from the sea to the land during the day
It occurs because the land heats up faster than the water.
What is a land breeze?
Cool wind that blows from the land to the sea at night
This happens because the land cools down faster than the water.
Define conduction.
When the heat source and sink are connected through matter
It is a direct transfer of heat.
What is combustion?
The chemical process of fire burning
It involves a reaction between fuel and oxygen.
What is the fire triangle?
The three things needed to create fire: Heat, Fuel, Oxygen
All three components must be present for combustion to occur.
How is temperature measured?
By the amount of energy something has
It indicates the thermal state of an object.
What is the Fahrenheit scale?
USA measurement of temperature
It is commonly used in the United States.
What is the Celsius scale?
How most of the world measures temperature
It is based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
What is the Kelvin scale?
How scientists measure temperature
It is an absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero.
What is thermal expansion?
When things heat up, they expand
This principle is crucial in various engineering and construction applications.
