SCIENCE LESSON 4 - BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

Question 1

Variety of Life

Answer 1

BIODIVERSITY

Question 3

Means “life”, All the different kinds of life on earth

Answer 3

BIO

Question 4

Means “variety”, The variety of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms

Answer 4

DIVERSITY

Question 5

TYPES OF DIVERSITY

Answer 5

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Question 6

The change in inherited traits over successive generations in populations of organisms. This allowed organisms to adapt and survive in their environment

Answer 6

EVOLUTION

Question 7

People behind Principles of Geological
Change

Answer 7

• JAMES HUTTON
• CHARLES LYELL
• THOMAS ROBERT
  MALTHUS
• CAROLUS LINNAEUS

Question 8

Organs not in use
will disappear while
organs in use will
develop

Answer 8

THEORY OF USE
AND DISUSE

Question 9

Believed to be inherited
by their offspring and
propagated by the next
generation

Answer 9

THEORY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS

Question 10

Proposed an entirely different mechanism to account for evolution, His theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies

Answer 10

Charles Darwin

Question 11

Charles Darwin was able to see 13 varieties of finches, which varied in size and shape, from island to island

Answer 11

Darwin’s Finches

Question 12

MECHANISM OF NATURAL SELECTION

Answer 12

• Overpopulation
• Competition
• Variation
• Adaptation
• Speciation

Question 13

Organisms tend to over reproduce

Answer 13

Overpopulation

Question 14

In order to survive, the organisms compete for food and space

Answer 14

Competition

Question 15

No two individuals are the same, Plants and animals of the same species differ in size, strength, and adaptive structures

Answer 15

Variation

Question 16

It is a process of becoming better suited to the environment. It improves an organism’s chance of survival

Answer 16

Adaptation

Question 17

Favorable adaptations gradually accumulate in the species and unfavorable ones disappear

Answer 17

Speciation

Question 18

Individuals within a population with the most favorable traits for an environment T survive and pass on those traits.

“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”

Answer 18

Natural Selection

Question 19

Can be observed in places where one can examine actual changes in a population of organisms within a particular period of time

Answer 19

DIRECT EVIDENCE

Question 20

INDIRECT EVIDENCE

Answer 20

Embryonic Development

Fossils Records

Anatomical Evidence

Question 21

Traces of organisms that
lived in the past were
preserved by natural
processes or catastrophic
event, usually found in
sedimentary rocks

Answer 21

FOSSIL
RECORDS

Question 22

Shallow external
molds left by animal
or plant tissues with
little or no organic
materials present

Answer 22

IMPRINTS

Question 23

Animal or plant
tissues are preserved
in sedimentary rock
and formed with more
organic material

Answer 23

COMPRESSIONS

Question 24

Comparing body
structures of living
species.
Evolve from a
common ancestors

Answer 24

ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE

Question 25

Similar structures that evolved from the same ancestral body parts

Answer 25

Homologous Structures

Question 26

Body parts of organisms that may perform the same function but are of different anatomy

Answer 26

Analogous Structures

Question 27

Body parts that are useless or left over from a previous ancestor in which they were useful

Answer 27

Vestigial Structures

Question 28

The portion of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization. Many organisms have similar embryos, supporting the idea of common ancestors

Answer 28

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Question 29

BIOCHEMICAL PIECES OF EVIDENCE

Answer 29

- DNA/Nucleic Acids - Evolutionary POV - PROTEINS

Question 30

When alleles travel from one population to another population of the same species. Also known as Migra

Answer 30

Gene Flow

Question 31

The role an organism plays and includes the type of food it eats, where it lives, where it reproduce and its relationship with other species

Answer 31

Niche

Question 32

occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Answer 32

Speciation

Question 33

Mechanisms of speciation:

Answer 33

*Allopatric speciation *Sympatric isolation

Question 34

a portion of an existing population becomes totally isolated because of geographical barriers

Answer 34

Geographic isolation = ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION

Question 35

isolated populations have become so genetically different that reproduction can no longer occur even if their members are brought back to mate

Answer 35

Reproductive Isolation= GENETIC ISOLATION OR SYMPATRIC SPECIATION

Question 36

The evolutionary process in which species experience changes in characteristics slowly

Answer 36

Gradualism

Question 37

Common in predator-prey relationship, Two or more species can equal influence one another's evolutionary direction

Answer 37

Coevolution

Question 38

2 TYPES OF EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN

Answer 38

Convergent evolution Divergent Evolution

Question 39

Groups of initially distantly related organisms evolve similar structures to adapt to similar habitat or way of life

Answer 39

Convergent evolution

Question 40

Occurs when closely related species move to new habitats because of diverging lifestyles, producing different species

Answer 40

Divergent Evolution

Question 41

Sent a manuscript to Darwin about his studies. They have almost the same concept about natural selection

Answer 41

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 42

Homo habilis

Answer 42

homo means "man" and habilis means "handy"

Question 43

Homo erectus

Answer 43

the first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions

Question 44

Homo sapiens

Answer 44

'wise human'

Question 45

Two groups of Homo sapiens

Answer 45

Neanderthals Cro-Magnons