Science of risk Flashcards

Seventh bundle

1
Q

Risk

A

A situation in which it is possible but not certain that something undesirable will happen

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2
Q

! Risk analysis according the the standard picture

A

The process of identifying and analyzing potential issues that could cause negative impact

(a component of risk management)

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3
Q

uncertainty

A

A risk – something is unknown or has an unknown

outcome

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4
Q

scientific vs. moral values

A

EPISTEMIC VALUES: Predictability, explanatory power, closeness to truth, degree of fit with observations, coherence,…

MORAL/AESTHETIC VALUES: Justice, equality, blameworthiness, beauty, …

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5
Q

aesthetic values

A

elicit pleasure, beauty

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6
Q

! Is there “acceptable risk”?

A

What risk is acceptable is always going to be a value
question. But whose value should decide?

  • The expert’s values?
  • The politician’s values?
  • The layman’s values?
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7
Q

risk assessment vs risk management

A

R. ASSESSMENT: (SCIENCE)

  • experiments
  • epidemiology
  • etc. (standard scientific techniques)

R. MANAGEMENT: (POLICY)

  • policy
  • regulations
  • risk communications
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8
Q

precautionary principle

And how can one apply the precautionary principle without becoming paralyzed in one’s research?

A

If an action of policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientific consensus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking an action.

(Sooo don’t continue on till YOU are reasonably sure it’s safe)

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9
Q

scientific consensus

A

the collective judgment/position/opinion of the community of scientists in a particular field of study

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10
Q

How do you manage uncertainty?

A
  • Inherently safe design
  • Safety factors
  • Safety barriers
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11
Q

3 risk roles and their relations to each other

A

7 questions/relationships:

1) How much do the risk exposed benefit from the risk exposure?
2) Is the distribution of risks and benefits fair?
3) can the distribution be more fair through redistribution/compensation?
4) how much is the risk exposure decided by those who run the risk?
5) Do the risk exposed have all the information about the risk?
6) Are there risk exposed people who cant be informed or included?
7) Does the decision maker benefit from the risk exposure?

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12
Q

cost-benefit analysis

A
  • Risks and benefits are assigned monetary values.
  • Outcomes are assigned probabilities.
  • The alternative that has highest expected monetary value is chosen.

(+)
Takes both the good and the bad into considerations and attempts to form a rational ground for decision.

(-)

  • To balance risks and benefits they must be comparable, they must be stated in the same ”currency”.
  • Some values are not easily comparable.
  • Whose values are counted?
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13
Q

! agency

A

action or intervention producing a particular effect.

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14
Q

! intention

A

(a mental state)

a commitment to carrying out an action or actions in the future

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15
Q

consent

A

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something

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16
Q

similarity between utilitarianism and CBA

A

Both look at the outcomes of actions

17
Q

Values vs factual judgement

A

Moral vs fact based