Scientific. K

Question 1

Steps of the peer review process in scientific journals?

Answer 1

• Research papers are submitted to specialized scientific journals
• Experts (1-5, often anonymous read the research paper before recommending, accept, reject or revise)
• The experts typically do not redo the experiment or study.
• They base their recommendations on how well the authors justify their claims (and wether the justification is original).

Question 2

Belief…in the context of science and knowledge?

Answer 2

The state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case

• tied to an individual
• coes in degrees
• action guiding

Question 3

Why define knowledge as (justified) true belief?

Answer 3

• If a belief is justified it does not necessarily mean it is true.
• We need to be able to distinguis justified false beliefs from knowledge.

Question 4

Justification

Answer 4

• The proof, evidence or other reason that can be put forward in defense of a claim.
• Claims can be more or less justified.
• Scientific justification appeals to scientific values.

Question 5

What are the different ways of justifying method choice?

Answer 5

1. CONVENTIONAL: I choose the methods my teachers/peers choose.
2. CONSEQUENTIALISM: I choose the method that works best.
3. REASON BASED: I choose the method for which i have the best reasons.

Question 6

Knowledge

Answer 6

True, Justified, Belief

Question 7

Methodology

Answer 7

Investigates assessment and justification of method choice *“NOT” a collecion of methods

Question 8

! Scientific Realism

Answer 8

Wikipedia:
The view that the universe described by science is real regardless of how it may be interpreted.
(Within philosophy of science, this view is often answer to the question “How is the success of science to be explained?”)

Question 9

!Does knowledge require certanity?

Answer 9

No, knowledge suffices as long as it is justified. But being justified doesn’t necessarily make it true.

Question 10

! In what way can science be viewed as an inherently social activity?

Answer 10

We believe something if our peers believe somehting. (See the peer review process..)

Question 11

! Certanity

Answer 11

The theoretical condition in which decision making is without risk
..Because the decision maker has all the information about the exact outcome of the decision, before he or she makes the decision.