Science Revision

Question 1

what is inheritance?

Answer 1

the process of passing on traits (encoded in DNAas genes) from parents to offsprings via reproduction.

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What do nucleotides consist of?

Answer 3

phosphate, pentose sugar, base

Question 4

What are two different forms of cell division?

Answer 4

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 5

Define Mitosis

Answer 5

Growth and repair

Question 6

Define Meiosis

Answer 6

Formation of sex cells for reproduction

Question 7

What are the two main types of cells that make up all living organisms?

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

Question 8

What are Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

non-membrane - bound organelles and DNA is circular. e.g. bacteria.

Question 9

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Have a membrane - bound organelles and DNA is found in strands. e.g. all other life.

Question 10

What are 5 Biotic relationships?

Answer 10

Mutualism, Commensalism, parasitism, competition, and predation.

Question 11

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 11

Double Helix

Question 12

What are the Four Bases in a nucleotide?

Answer 12

A - Adenine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine

Question 13

What is a Gene?

Answer 13

A particular sequence of base codes for a protein.

Question 14

What is a Alleles?

Answer 14

A alternative versions of the same gene. (hair colour)

Question 15

What are Alleles called if they are the same?

Answer 15

Homozygous

Question 16

What are Alleles called if they are different?

Answer 16

Heterozygous

Question 17

Define a Chromosome

Answer 17

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA.

Question 18

Where are the chromosomes found in body cells?

Answer 18

In the nucleus.

Question 19

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human cells?

Answer 19

23 pairs

Question 20

What is it called when you have two identical chromosomes in the pairs?

Answer 20

Homologous chromosomes

Question 21

What is a gene?

Answer 21

a small segment of the DNA the codes for a particular protein.

Question 22

How many different types of amino acids are there?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

How are proteins coded?

Answer 23

By a particular sequence of amino acids

Question 24

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 24

an induvial complete set of chromosomes isolated from an individual cell.

Question 25

What is a diploid?

Answer 25

A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent).

Question 26

What is a haploid?

Answer 26

A haploid cell has only one set of chromosomes like human gametes.

Question 27

What is cell division?

Answer 27

the process in which the parent cells divides, producing two cells.

Question 28

what are the three steps the eukaryotic cells undergo during cell division?

Answer 28

1. Interphase 2. Nuclear division 3. Cytokinesis

Question 29

What are the three steps for DNA replication?

Answer 29

1. Initiation 2. Synthesis 3. Termination

Question 30

what are the two types of polymerases?

Answer 30

leading and lagging

Question 31

What is the DNA splitter called?

Answer 31

Helicase

Question 32

What is Mutation?

Answer 32

Changes in DNA sequences that happen during cell division.

Question 33

What are the two types of mutations?

Answer 33

Gene mutations and Chromosome mutations.

Question 34

What is a Gene Mutation?

Answer 34

changes to the nucleotide sequence in a particular gene.

Question 35

What is a Chromosome mutation?

Answer 35

structural changes due to addition or deletion of parts of a chromosome.

Question 36

What is a aneuploidy?

Answer 36

an abnormal number of chromosome

Question 37

What is a deletion of a Chromosome?

Answer 37

removal of a part of the chromosome

Question 38

What is a duplication of a Chromosome?

Answer 38

one part of the chromosome is copied 2 times

Question 39

What is an inversion of a Chromosome?

Answer 39

part of the chromosome is flipped backwards.

Question 40

What is a translocation of a Chromosome?

Answer 40

one part of a chromosome gets swapped with a part of another chromosome.

Question 41

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 41

ribonucleic acid

Question 42

what are the bonds that join the bases together in a DNA sequence made of?

Answer 42

Hydrogen bonds

Question 43

What is transcription?

Answer 43

the process in which DNA sequence is copied into a m RNA sequence.

Question 44

What is translation?

Answer 44

the process in which the sequence of bases in m RNA is translated into an amino acid sequence.

Question 45

where does transcription take place?

Answer 45

in the nucleus

Question 46

where does translation take place?

Answer 46

in the cytosol of the cell on a ribosome.

Question 47

What is a trait?

Answer 47

a specific characteristic of an individual

Question 48

what is a phenotype?

Answer 48

the physical characteristics of an individual.

Question 49

what is a genotype?

Answer 49

the combination of genes in the organism's cells.

Question 50

What is a Quantity?

Answer 50

something that can be measured or calculated.

Question 51

What is magnitude?

Answer 51

the size or the amount of a quantity.

Question 52

What is a Unit?

Answer 52

A unit is an agreed upon measure. Science uses the International System of units (SI units).

Question 53

What are prefixes?

Answer 53

M, k, m, u

Question 54

What does the prefix M stand for?

Answer 54

* 1000000

Question 55

What does the prefix k stand for?

Answer 55

* 1000

Question 56

What does the prefix m stand for?

Answer 56

* 0.001

Question 57

What does the prefix u stand for?

Answer 57

* 0.000001

Question 58

What is a vector represented with?

Answer 58

a magnitude, unit, and direction.

Question 59

What does a scalar include?

Answer 59

a magnitude and units (no direction needed)