Science rocks and minerals Flashcards
(19 cards)
Mineral
Building blocks of rocks
Rock
naturally occurring, non-living, Earth mineral made of minerals
Streak
Color of mineral in powdered form
Density
Mass divided by volume
Luster
The way a mineral reflects or absorbs light on its surface
Color
The color of a mineral
Hardness
Resistance to being scratched, use Mohs Hardness scale
Cleavage
Breaks with smooth flat surfaces
Fracture
Breaks with uneven surfaces
Sedimentary
formed from sediment deposited by water or air, made when sediments are “Cemented” together.
Metamorphic
When you apply heat and pressure, found deep under earth, the faster it cools the smaller crystals it has, the longer it cools the bigger crystals it has
Igneous
When magma cools off and forms crystals
Inorganic
non-living or not made by living things
Mohs Scale
telling how hard a mineral is by seeing what can and can’t scratch it
5 things a mineral must have in order to be considered a mineral
-Exist as a solid under normal conditions
-Naturally occurring on earth, NOT MAN MADE
-Inorganic- not living or from or made by living thing
-Made of specific combination of chemicals
-Atoms are arranged in specific structure, this affects their physical properties
The process of the rock cycle and how one type can be converted into another type
Magma, Erosion, Heat, and Pressure can change a rock
How we go about testing a mineral to identify it
we use the streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, density and color
Levels of the Mohs Scale
Fingernail 1 - 2.5
Penny 3 - 3.5
Iron nail 4 - 4.5
Glass 5 - 5.5
Can’t be scratched 7-10
What rocks can fossils be found in
Fossils are most common in sedimentary rocks, sometimes found in metamorphic rocks, but never found in igneous rocks.
