SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Question 1

He proposed the theory of
relativity.

Answer 1

ALBERT EINSTEIN

Question 2

He proposed natural selection
as an explanation of evolution,
published in “On the Origin of
Species” in 1859.

Answer 2

CHARLES DARWIN

Question 3

His theory of genetics stated
the pattern of inheritance
using a pea plant

Answer 3

GREGOR MENDEL

Question 4

developed the Mendelian
Principles of Heredity.

Answer 4

GREGOR MENDEL

Question 5

Known as the father of
microbiology

Answer 5

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 6

he pioneered
pasteurization & proposed the
germ theory of disease

Answer 6

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 7

He also developed a vaccine for rabies and disproved
spontaneous generation theory.

Answer 7

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 8

He stated that the survival of a
given species was thus related to its ability to adapt to its
environment through
mutations.

Answer 8

HUGO DE VRIES

Question 9

They succeeded in 1778 in
perfecting the steam
engine, which incorporated a
series of radical
improvements.

Answer 9

JAMES WATT & MATTHEW BOULTO

Question 10

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES DURING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Answer 10

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
MICROSCOPE
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
MODERN MEDICINE
ASTRONOMY
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
WATT STEAM ENGINE

Question 11

• Used as tracers in
  complicated chemical and
  biochemical reactions & was
  also applied in geological
  dating.

Answer 11

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

Question 12

MICROSCOPE
* Introduced by the

Answer 12

Janssen team

Question 13

this paved way for the establishment of the cell theory and study of minute
things

Answer 13

MICROSCOPE

Question 14

• This led to the rapid growth of the field of molecular biology, with resulted with the
  fundamental discovery of the
  structure of deoxyribonucleic
  acid (DNA), the molecule
  carrying the genetic code.

Answer 14

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 15

• Profited with new methods
  of treatment from
  penicillin, insulin, and
  other drugs to pacemakers
  and implantation of
  artificial or donated
  organs.

Answer 15

MODERN MEDICINE

Question 16

The space age began with
the launch of the first
artificial satellites in

Answer 16

1957

Question 17

A human first went to
space in

Answer 17

1961

Question 18

Larger telescopes led to the
discovery of the _________,
one of the many galaxies in the vast Universe.

Answer 18

Milky Way

Question 19

• Notable results include the
  field of radio astronomy,
  studies of quasars, pulsars,
  and other unusual objects,
  and detection of relatively
  complex organic molecules
  floating in space.

Answer 19

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Question 20

• Born in the early 20th
  century, this has greatly
  advanced (e.g. computers)

Answer 20

ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

Question 21

The ___________has
become one of the key tools of
the modern industry. Other
developments include new
communication devices (radio TV laser

Answer 21

electronic computer

Question 22

WATT STEAM ENGINE
* Made of iron and fuelled
primarily by

Answer 22

coal

Question 23

became widely used in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 23

WATT STEAM ENGINE

Question 24

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IMPORTANT
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Answer 24

METALLURGY
MACHINE TOOLS

Question 25

* The replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal was a major change in this period. Coal required less labor to mine, and was more abundant.

Answer 25

METALLURGY

Question 26

* There was a demand for metal parts used in machinery, which led to the development of several machine tools used for cutting parts

Answer 26

MACHINE TOOLS

Question 27

The large scale production of chemicals such as sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process was invented by this Englishman.

Answer 27

JOHN ROEBUCK

Question 28

* In 1791, he introduced a method for the production of sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonates is very useful in glass, textile, soap, and paper industries.

Answer 28

NICOLAS LEBLANC

Question 29

* In 1824, _____________- patented a chemical process for making cement which was an important advance in building trades.

Answer 29

Joseph Aspdin

Question 30

The process involves sintering a mix of clay & limestone at 1400 degrees Celcius & grinding it to fine powder.

Answer 30

cement

Question 31

GAS LIGHTING * The large-scale introduction of this was the work of ______________

Answer 31

William Murdoch

Question 32

The process consisted of the large-scale gasification of coal in furnaces, purification of gas, storage and distribution.

Answer 32

GAS LIGHTING

Question 33

GLASS MAKING * A new method, the _____________, was developed in Europe during the early 19th century. This advancement allowed for larger panes of glass created without interruption.

Answer 33

cylinder process

Question 34

PAPER MACHINE * A machine for making continuous sheets of paper on a loop of wire fabric was patented in 1798 by ___________

Answer 34

Nicholas Louis Robert

Question 35

AGRICULTURE * Advancements in this include the

Answer 35

seed drill, the Dutch plough, and the threshing machine

Question 36

TRANSPORTATION * Modes of transportation went from wagons to automobiles and the ___________________________________ that take men to space.

Answer 36

early airplane to modern supersonic jet and giant rockets

Question 37

FOOD & NUTRITION * Food supply _________ while prices _____ due to better agricultural practices.

Answer 37

increased/ fell

Question 38

* Living conditions varied from splendour for factory owners to squalor for workers. There were also a new middle class of professionals, such as lawyers and doctors.

Answer 38

HOUSING

Question 39

CLOTHING AND CONSUMER GOODS * Consumers benefitted from falling prices for clothing and household articles such as

Answer 39

cast iron cooking utensils, and soon after, stoves.