Science Unit 1 Test Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Dissolve
A
to mix one type of matter into another type of matter to form a solution
2
Q
Solvent
A
the larger part of a solution; the part of a solution into which the solutes dissolve
3
Q
Solute
A
the smaller part of a solution; the part of the solution that dissolves in the solvent
4
Q
Dissolving
A
mixing completely with a solvent to form a solution
5
Q
Pollution
A
contaminants in the environment that could harm living things
6
Q
Soluble
A
able to dissolve in a specified solvent
7
Q
Insoluble
A
unable to dissolve in a specified solvent
8
Q
Concentrated solution
A
a solution with a large number of solute particles in a given volume of solution
9
Q
dilute solution
A
a solution with a small number of solute particles in a given volume of solution
10
Q
concentration
A
the amount of solute present in an amount of solution
11
Q
Saturated solution
A
a solution in which no more solute can dissolve
12
Q
Unsaturated solution
A
a solution in which more solute can be dissolved
13
Q
Solubility
A
a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a certain solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular temperature and volume
14
Q
In a liquid solution:
A
the solute can be either liquid, solid, or gas, however the solvent must be liquid.
15
Q
In a solid solution:
A
the solvent and solute must both be solid
16
Q
In a gas solution:
A
both the solute and solvent are gas.
17
Q
Ways to Increase Solubility of a solute:
A
increase the temperature of the solution, increase the amount of solvent, or use a solvent with similar polarity to the solute
18
Q
Ways to decrease solubility of a solute:
A
decrease the temperature, change the solvent, or add a common ion.
19
Q
Calculate Concentration:
A
mass of solute in grams
100mL solution
20
Q
Calculate solubility:
A
Maximum mass of solute that
will dissolve, in grams
100 mL solvent
21
Q
Matter:
A
Anything that takes up space and has mass
22
Q
Pure Substance
A
Matter that contains only one kind of particle
23
Q
Mixture:
A
Matter that contains two or more pure substances
24
Q
Heterogeneous Mixture/ Mechanical
A
A mixture with different parts you can see
25
Homogeneous Mixture/Solution
A mixture that looks like a single pure substance; a uniform mixture of 2 or more pure substances
26
The particle theory
An explanation of what matter is made of and how it behaves
27
Solid
A state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume
28
Liquid
A state of matter with a definite volume, but no definite shape
29
Gas
A state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume
30
Chemistry
The study of matter and its changes
31
volume
A measure of the quantity of space occupied by an object
32
Sorting
Physically separating large pieces of a mechanical mixture so that similar pieces are together
33
Floating
A separation technique in which a lighter component rises to the top of a liquid where it can be poured off
34
Settling
A separation technique in which a heavier component sinks to the bottom of a liquid, and the liquid can be poured off
35
Sieve
A device used to separate the components of a mixture
36
Sieving
The process of passing a mechanical mixture through a sieve to separate the larger pieces of matter
37
Filter
A device with many small holes that trap solid pieces of a mixture but allow liquids and gases to pass through
38
Filtration
The process of passing a mechanical mixture through a filter to separate solid pieces from a liquid or gas
39
Sewage
The mixture of water and waste that is flushed down the toilets and sink drains.
40
Evaporate
Change from a liquid to a gas
41
Evaporation
A process by which a sample of matter changes from a liquid to gas
42
Distillation
The process of separating liquids in a solution by heating the solution, trapping and cooling the gas, and collecting the resulting pure liquid
43
Electric generator
A machine with moving parts that produce electricity when they spin
44
Radioactive
when very small particles in objects emit energy or smaller particles, releasing energy as they break apart
45
Nuclear energy
The energy released when the particles of pure substances like uranium split apart
46
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
47
What are the 5 main points of the particle theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles
all matter is always in motion
There are spaces in between each particle
The particles attract
When the particles are heated they move faster
48
What are the three states of matter?
Liquids
Gases
Solids
49
What are the differences between these different states? SOLID LIQUID AND GAS -I had to correct this question -HIllaryyyyyyy
Solids are tightly packed and can keep their shape (Definite shape and volume)
Liquids are loosely packed and can’t keep their shape unless in a container (indefinite shape but has volume)
Gases are barely packed and can’t keep their shape at all.(no shape or volume)
50
What are pure substances and mixture?
A pure substance is a substance that only contains one particle, whilst a mixture contains more than one.
51
Is apple juice a pure substance or mixture?
Apple juice contains many things such as sugar, water, and apple. These are more than just one particle.
52
What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution?
You can visually see the different particles or parts in a mechanical mixture while a solution is particles evenly blended, making it difficult to tell the difference between the particles.
53
Use the particle theory to reason why you can see the difference in mechanical mixtures?
Parts in a mechanical mixture don’t mix uniformly. They are clumps of particles, easy to spot, while a solution has particles evenly mixed, giving off the illusion of a pure substance.
54
What do a piece of wood, bowl, and a salad have in common?
Each are made up of tiny particles.
55
What are 3 solvents and solutes?
Water, ethanol, and oil.
Sugar, salt, juice powder
56
If sugar can no longer dissolve, is the solution saturated or concentrated?
The solution is saturated and concentrated. This is because there is a large amount of solute particles in the solution.
57
How can sugar cubes dissolve faster?
Crush up the cubes
Stir continuously
Heat up the water
58
Why is maple syrup an example of a solution?
This is because maple syrup is made up of many different pure substances mixed together.
What is the solvent in maple syrup?
Water
What are the solutes?
Sugar and flavour particles
59
Why is water a universal solvent?
Water is a universal solvent because water is used as a solvent for many different mixtures all over the world.
60
Malcolm mixed 50ml of powder and 100ml of water. The sum turned to be 125ml. Why is this so?
This could be because the different particles were attracted to each other, leading to a lower sum.
61
The solubility of sugar is 204g/100ml at room temperature. What would the solubility be at 2000 ml.
4080
62
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
63
What is matter made up of?
Matter is made up of tiny particles.
64
What happens in the primary waste water treatment?
Large solids and debris (like sticks, plastic, and grit) are removed from the wastewater through screening and sedimentation. The water is left to sit so heavier particles can settle to the bottom.
65
What happens in the secondary waste water treatment?
Microorganisms (like bacteria) are used to break down and consume organic waste in the water. This process usually takes place in aeration tanks where oxygen helps the bacteria do their job.
66
What happens in the tertiary waste water treatment?
The water is further cleaned to remove fine particles, nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus), and harmful microorganisms. This may involve filtration, chemical treatment (like chlorine), or ultraviolet (UV) disinfection.
67
Can you tell if a sample of matter is a pure substance or a solution by looking at it?
You cannot because both mixtures can look similar and make it hard to tell
68
Name two industries that separate mixtures
The flour industry and the petroleum industry
69
Can you tell if a mixture is a mechanical mixture by looking at it?
Yes, you can because it is made with different parts that you can see
70
How can pollutants get into our water system?
Industrial waste
Sewage
Household products
Pesticides
Fertilizers
71
What happens to the sewage that goes down the drain?
Passes through a metal grid
Put into a large pool where all of the waste can settle
Go through tanks containing bacteria which will break down waste
The water settles, then bacteria is removed
Bacteria will be added again to get rid of the pollutants
Filtered, treated with ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and chlorine
72
You dissolve 10 ml of sugar into 30 ml of water. The total volume is less than 40, Explain why.
The volume is less than 40 because the sugar particles are bigger making the water go into the small gaps.
73
What type of mixture is a salt and oil mixture?
It is a heterogeneous mixture
74
How can you separate sugar and water?
boil the water until evaporation
75
How can you SEPARATE iron fillings and sand?
HB
Use a magnet
76
How can you separate tea leaves and water?
Manually pick the leaves out.
77
What methods do wheat farms use to separate grains?
Sieves
Magnets
Vacuums
78
Why does sugar dissolve when you stir or heat the mixture?
This is because the water gradually fits into the gaps, surrounding the sugar particles. Mixing and heating speeds up the process.
79
CAN food dye evenly mix without mixing the solution?
Yes, the particles have enough energy to bump the dye, causing the dye to move and spread evenly.
