Science Unit 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cells are…?

Answer 1

The basic building blocks of all living things

Question 2

A wet mount is…?

Answer 2

A glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid

Question 3

The field of view is…?

Answer 3

The circle you see when you look through the microscope

Question 4

An organism is…?

Answer 4

An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

Question 5

Metabolism is…?

Answer 5

The total of all chemical reactions an organism needs in order to survive

Question 6

A system is…?

Answer 6

A collection of parts (subsystems) that all interact

Question 7

Subsystems are…?

Answer 7

Organized to interact to perform a function

Question 8

Input/Output are…?

Answer 8

Whatever you put into a system/whatever comes out of the system

Question 9

The Digestive System

Answer 9

Breaks down food into molecules that can be used by cells

Question 10

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 10

Breaks down food physically like chewing, grinding, and churning

Question 11

Chemical Digestion

Answer 11

When food is broken down by enzymes in the digestive system

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

Acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific reaction - does not chemically change. EX:, Protease, Amylase

Question 13

Protein gets…

Answer 13

Broken down to amino acids - provides materials for tissues and organs

Question 14

Stomach muscles do what?

Answer 14

Stomach muscles push and churn food - acids and enzymes help to begin to break down proteins

Question 15

Fat

Answer 15

Lipase (enzyme) breaks down fat in digestion - provides energy to the body

Question 16

Small intestine

Answer 16

Absorption of food’s nutrients - lots of villi (microscopic fingers)

Question 17

Bile

Answer 17

Helps break down fat

Question 18

Surface area

Answer 18

More surface area = more absorption

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

Digested food in the small intestine passes through the walls of the small intestine into the blood vessels by diffusion

Question 20

Blood is a…?

Answer 20

Red fluid that acts like a transport system and plays a part in your body’s defense against infection

Question 21

Veins collect…?

Answer 21

Veins collect blood from the capillaries in the body and return the blood to the heart

Question 22

Arteries

Answer 22

Arteries take blood away from the heart to the body organs and tissues.

Question 23

Plasma

Answer 23

The liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

Tiniest blood vessels that transfer blood between arteries and veins

Question 25

Diffusion is...?

Answer 25

The process of the movement of molecules from greater to lesser concentration

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

This is what is dissolved in solution

Question 27

Solvent

Answer 27

This is what does the dissolving of the solute in solution

Question 28

Solution

Answer 28

This is the mixture of a solute and a solvent

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

It is one that has a higher solute concentration than another solution. In simpler terms, it means there are more dissolved particles (solutes) per unit of solvent (like water) in the hypertonic solution compared to the other solution. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

Is a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution to which it is being compared. This means there is less dissolved material and more water in the hypotonic solution compared to the solution being compared. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move into the cell by osmosis, potentially causing it to swell or burst

Question 31

Isotonic

Answer 31

Is a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution it's being compared to, typically across a semipermeable membrane. In this state, there is no net movement of water between the two solutions, and the cells or tissues remain at their normal size and function. Essentially, it's a state of equilibrium where water moves equally in and out of cells or tissues, preventing them from shrinking or swelling

Question 32

Osmosis is the...?

Answer 32

Diffusion of water through a membrane

Question 33

Cell Membrane

Answer 33

The semipermeable membrane surrounding a cell

Question 34

Semi Permeable

Answer 34

Allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others

Question 35

Selective permeability

Answer 35

Selective permeability refers to the property of a membrane, particularly cell membranes, that allows some molecules or ions to pass through while preventing others from doing so. This selective control over movement is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating what enters and exits the cell

Question 36

Indicator

Answer 36

A chemical compound that changes color when exposed to certain conditions

Question 37

Oxygen

Answer 37

Taken into the respiratory system and sent out into the circulatory system

Question 38

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 38

Waste taken through the circulatory and expelled through the respiratory system

Question 39

Cellular Respiration

Answer 39

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down food molecules, like glucose, in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), carbon dioxide, and water

Question 40

Anaerobic

Answer 40

Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that produces energy in the absence of oxygen. It involves the breakdown of glucose (or other organic molecules) to generate energy, but without using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. This process results in a smaller amount of ATP compared to aerobic respiration but is faster

Question 41

Aerobic

Answer 41

Aerobic respiration is a cellular process that uses oxygen to convert fuel molecules, like glucose, into chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process is more efficient than anaerobic respiration and is essential for most living organisms

Question 42

ATP stands for...

Answer 42

Adenosine triphosphate and is the primary energy currency of the cell

Question 43

Mitosis

Answer 43

Make identical cells

Question 44

* Interphase

Answer 44

Growth, cell functions, DNA/material replication

Question 45

* Prophase

Answer 45

Condensing DNA

Question 46

* Metaphase

Answer 46

Align chromosomes in center

Question 47

* Anaphase

Answer 47

Chromosomes split and spread backwards

Question 48

* Telophase

Answer 48

Nucleus forms / cell structures form back

Question 49

Homeostasis

Answer 49

Keeps the inside of the body the same even when the outside changes

Question 50

Central nervous system

Answer 50

Brain and spinal cord (involuntary)

Question 51

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 51

Autonomic and somatic nervous systems (voluntary)

Question 52

Neurons

Answer 52

Brain cells

Question 53

Receptors

Answer 53

An organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve

Question 54

Neuroscientists

Answer 54

A scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of neuroscience: the branch of biology that deals with neurons