Science Unit 5.5

Question 1

an organism’s genetic material that provides the info needed for an organism to maintain itself

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

how do you spell DNA?

Answer 2

dioxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic info in the form of genes.

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

a section of DNA on a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait.

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

what provides directions for a cell to assemble molecules that express traits

Answer 5

gene

Question 6

2 parallel strands that spiral around each other like a twisted zipper.

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

what makes up the sides on the double helix?

Answer 7

sugar and phosphate groups

Question 8

what makes the teeth of the double helix

Answer 8

nitrogen bases

Question 9

what are the 4 possible nitrogen bases?

Answer 9

adenine
cytosine
thymine
guanine

Question 10

the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule.

Answer 10

replication

Question 11

where does DNA replicate?

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

what enzymes are involved during replication?

Answer 12

helicase - unwinds the double helix
DNA polymerase - moves comp nucleotides

Question 13

a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer 13

rna

Question 14

how is RNA different from DNA?

Answer 14

• single strand
• contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
• it uses the bases uracil instead on thymine

Question 15

an RNA copy used as the instruction for making a protien

Answer 15

mRNA

Question 16

carries the info from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

acts as an interpreter molecule and translates the mRNA into amino acids

Answer 17

tRNA

Question 18

what becomes part of the ribosome?

Answer 18

rRNA

Question 19

processing the info from DNA into proteins

Answer 19

gene expression

Question 20

what are the 2 stages of gene expression?

Answer 20

translation and transcription

Question 21

the process of making an mRNA from DNA

Answer 21

transcription

Question 22

what does polymerase do in transcription?

Answer 22

binds to the beginning and unwinds the double helix. also adds complimentary nucleotides to one strand of the DNA gene

Question 23

the process of making a protein from mRNA

Answer 23

translation

Question 24

what process of gene expression happens in the cytoplasm

Answer 24

translation

Question 25

the three nucleotides on an mRNA that code for amino acid

Answer 25

codon

Question 26

how many possible codons are there

Answer 26

64

Question 27

three nucleotides on a tRNA that are complementary to a codon

Answer 27

anticodon

Question 28

the building blocks of protiens

Answer 28

amino acid

Question 29

in translation, what binds to a ribosome?

Answer 29

mRNA

Question 30

the amino acids and stop signals that are coded for by each of the possible mRNA codons

Answer 30

genetic code

Question 31

a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

Answer 31

mutations

Question 32

one nitrogen base is replaced by a different nitrogen base, the most common mutation

Answer 32

substitution

Question 33

no change in the protein

Answer 33

silent

Question 34

changes the protein

Answer 34

missense

Question 35

stops the protein

Answer 35

nonsense

Question 36

when one or more bases are added to the DNA

Answer 36

insertion

Question 37

if a mutation occurs in a body cell then...

Answer 37

the mutation can not be passed on to the organism's offspring

Question 38

if a mutation occurs in a gamete then it...

Answer 38

could be passed onto the organism's offspring