science "you-neique"

Question 1

What is the universal code of life?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What is DNA made from?

Answer 3

nucleotides with four different bases

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

Contains instructions that controls the development and functions of all living things.

Question 5

What are the complementary base pairs in nucleotides?

Answer 5

A + T
C + G

Question 6

What is the double helix shape made from in DNA?

Answer 6

nucleotides

Question 7

What are the 4 different bases?

Answer 7

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 8

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 8

phosphate, deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogenous base

Question 9

What are alleles?

Answer 9

Different versions of the same gene.

Question 10

What are genotypes?

Answer 10

Particular combination of alleles.

Question 11

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 11

Two of the same alleles (TT, tt)

Question 12

Define heterozygous.

Answer 12

One of each allele (Tt)

Question 13

Define phenotype.

Answer 13

The visible expression of a genotype (traits).

Question 14

Define dominant.

Answer 14

Expressed even if only one is present (capital T).

Question 15

Define recessive.

Answer 15

Needs two copies of an allele (lowercase t).

Question 16

What are genes?

Answer 16

One section of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 17

How many chromosomes does a normal body cell have?

Answer 17

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 18

Define homologous pairs.

Answer 18

Two copies of chromosomes.

Question 19

Define diploid.

Answer 19

2 copies of chromosomes.

Question 20

Define haploid.

Answer 20

1 copy of each chromosome.

Question 21

What are chromosomes?

Answer 21

thread like structures that carry genetic information

Question 22

What are pedigrees?

Answer 22

A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations.

Question 23

Clues to tell if the trait is dominant on a pedigree?

Answer 23

Every affected child has an affected parent.

Question 24

Clues to tell if the trait is recessive on a pedigree?

Answer 24

Two unaffected parents have an affected child.

Question 25

Pedigree symbols?

Answer 25

Circles: female, square: male, colored in: affected.

Question 26

DNA double helix?

Answer 26

Twisted ladder shape of DNA.

Question 27

Why is DNA universal?

Answer 27

The genetic code for all living things.

Question 28

What is the relationship between genes, chromosomes and DNA?

Answer 28

Chromosomes carry DNA and genes are segments of DNA.

Question 29

Define autosomes.

Answer 29

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Question 30

Define sex chromosomes.

Answer 30

X and Y chromosomes.

Question 31

Number of chromosomes in gametes (egg and sperm cells)?

Answer 31

23

Question 32

Identify the sex chromosomes in male and female.

Answer 32

Female - XX Male - XY

Question 33

Who are the scientists involved in the discovery of DNA?

Answer 33

Watson and Crick.

Question 34

What is a karyotype?

Answer 34

Picture of an individuals set chromosomes.

Question 35

How are karyotypes used?

Answer 35

Identify certain genetic disorders in which there are extra or too few chromosomes.

Question 36

How to know if you have Klinefelter's syndrome through a karyotype?

Answer 36

It has one extra sex chromosome.

Question 37

How to know if you have Down syndrome through a karyotype?

Answer 37

If there is an extra chromosome 21.

Question 38

How to know if you have Turner's syndrome through a karyotype?

Answer 38

Only one sex chromosome.

Question 39

Examples of inherited traits?

Answer 39

Hair color, hitchhiker's thumb, cleft chin, dimples, widow's peak.

Question 40

What factors can influence your phenotype?

Answer 40

Genetic + environmental factors.