Scientific Method Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the scientific method?
A systematic process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena through observation, experimentation, and analysis.
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Observation.
What is the second step of the scientific method?
Hypothesis formulation.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable explanation for a phenomenon based on observations and prior knowledge.
What is the third step of the scientific method?
Experimentation.
What is the fourth step of the scientific method?
Analysis.
What is the fifth step of the scientific method?
Conclusion.
True or False: The scientific method is a linear process.
False.
What is a control group in an experiment?
A group that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a baseline for comparison.
What is a variable in an experiment?
A factor that can change in an experiment.
What is peer review in the scientific method?
The evaluation of scientific work by other experts in the field before it is published.
What is a theory in science?
A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a phenomenon, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence.
What is a null hypothesis in statistics?
A hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations.
What is a p-value in statistics?
The probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
What is the purpose of peer review in the scientific method?
To ensure the quality and validity of scientific research and to prevent the dissemination of false information.
What is replication in science?
The process of repeating a study or experiment to determine if the same results are obtained.
What is the importance of replication in science?
To validate the results of a study and ensure that they are reliable and reproducible.
What is the role of skepticism in the scientific method?
To encourage critical thinking, questioning of assumptions, and examination of evidence.
What are the limitations of the scientific method?
It cannot address questions of morality, ethics, or aesthetics, and it may be influenced by biases or limitations of current knowledge.
What is a double-blind study?
A study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment, to avoid bias.
What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?
A scientific law describes a phenomenon, while a scientific theory explains why and how the phenomenon occurs.
What is a peer-reviewed journal?
A publication that only publishes articles that have been reviewed and approved by experts in the field.
What is a placebo in an experiment?
A harmless substance given to participants in a study to compare the effects of the actual treatment.
