Scope and Change Management Flashcards
Important Tips
There should be alignment between Project Objectives and Performance Outcomes
Scope should be aligned with project objectives and performance outcomes
25% of projects will need additional scope of 30% or more
35% of projects will need a major change
37% executives agree that failure in strategy is due to poorly defined goals and outcomes
$US3.1B spent in US based construction technology startups in 2018
Triple constraint - scope, cost and time
Scope of Services - subset of SOW and written for each discipline
100% Rule - states that a WBS must include 100% of the project scope
What is scope management
Processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required and only the work required
What is Front End Planning FEP
Preconstruction
Feasibility
Planning
Concept design
Business objectives
Objectives detail steps or actions necessary to achieve the goal
Performance outcomes
Are a set of characteristics linked to objectives that must be met
They must be specific, measurable and realistic
For example a petrochemical plant must deliver 10 tons of production daily
06 types of business objectives
Business objectives - project objectives need to be aligned with business objectives
Financial objectives
Quality objectives
Technical objectives - adoption of certain technology
Performance objectives - delivery performance, O&M performance, budget performance etc.
Compliance objectives - legal and code compliance
SMART goals
Specific
Measurable
Achievable / Actionable
Realistic
Time bound
CLEAR goals
Collaborative
Limited - in scope and duration
Emotional - potential benefits to team members if goal is achieved
Appreciable - broken down into subgoals
Refinable - effective communication with all stakeholders
Basic Logic Model Tool
It depicts the relationship between your program’s activities and its intended effects. Used to define objectives and performance outcomes
It has 05 steps
Step 1 - Resources inputs
Step 2 - Activities (steps 1 and 2 define the resources and work)
Step 3 - Outputs
Step 4 - Outcomes
Step 5 - Impact (step 3 to 5 describe what the project will achieve)
Front End Planning
Includes:
Business needs (Feasibility)
Objectives and outcomes
Scope statement (detailed scope)
Outline general design (concept design)
Risks and opportunities
Scope Baseline
Scope of work statement
WBS
Work packages - lowest level of WBS
WBS dictionary - supplementary information for each work package including schedule, budget etc.
07 key principles for a WBS
Definable
Manageable
Estimatable
Independent
Integrable
Measurable
Adaptable
10 principles of scope management
Understand the project
Identify the project requirements
Hire a qualified PM
Define milestones
Maintain communications
Identify team members’ strengths and weaknesses
Take advantage of management tools
Practice risk management
Test deliverables
Evaluate the project
PDRI - project definition review index
A tool to assess the completeness of a project’s scope
PDRI MATRS
In 2019 INDUSTRIAL PDRI was paired with MATRS (maturity and accuracy total rating system)
It adds focus on FEED scope rating
Maturity is the degree of completeness
Accuracy is the degree of confidence in the measured level of maturity
PDRI MATRS
PDRI Tree
Infrastructure projects
Small Infrastructure Projects (<US$20M)
Industrial Projects
Small Industrial Projects (<US$10M)
Building Projects
Mining Projects
Sections, Categories and Elements of PDRI
03 Sections. Each section has categories and elements)
Basis of decision (business strategy, owner philosophy and project requirements)
Basis of design (site information, building programming, project design parameters and equipment)
Execution approach (procurement strategy, deliverables, project controls etc.)
When to use PDRI
Point 1 - completion of feasibility study
Point 2 - completion of concept phase
Point 2i - if necessary during detailed scope definition phase
Point 3 - at end of front end planning phase FEP
Target PDRI score
Less than 200 at Point 3
Value Engineering
Value engineering is the systematic process for improving projects, processes or products
There is an organized plan of action of VE
Pre-study preparation
VE workshop including 06 stage job plan
Post study documentation and implementation
06 stages of VE workshop
Information
Functional analysis (functions are defined by an active verb and measurable noun)
Creative - develop alternatives
Evaluation - of alternatives
Develop - solutions for selected options
Presentation - of agreed findings to decision makers/stakeholders
VE via Functional Analysis
Function is a specific work a design must perform.
By focusing on the function you move away from bias towards a design or technology
Functions are expressed by a an active verb and a measurable noun e.g. retain heat
FAST (Function Analysis System Technique) approach for VE/functional analysis
Identify a function
Ask HOW will you achieve the function (lower order function)
Ask WHY do you want the function (higher order function)
Ask WHEN this function is needed what other functions are required as a result
