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Microbiology > Scope, Taxonomy, & Morphology > Flashcards

Scope, Taxonomy, & Morphology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

5 branches of studies under microbiology

A
  • Bacteriology
  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
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2
Q

minute unicellular organisms that have all the necessary protoplasmic equipment for growth and self-multiplication at the expense of available food

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

Why are viruses said to be simple in terms of structure?

A

They only have 2 parts:

  • nucleic acid
  • capsid (protein coat)
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4
Q

viruses that can infect bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

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5
Q

2 forms of fungi

A
  • yeast (unicellular)

- mold (multicellular)

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6
Q

organism that causes tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

*spaghetti & meatballs under the microscope :D

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7
Q

area of biologic science comprising of 3 distinct but highly interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, identification)

A

Taxonomy

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8
Q

True or False

In classification, organisms with similar morphology, physiology, and genetic traits are organized into specific groups

A

True

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9
Q

a collection of bacterial strains that share many common physiologic and genetic features

A

Species

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10
Q

designations given to groups below the subspecies that share specific but relatively minor characteristics

A
  1. biotype - biochemical
  2. serotype - antigen-antibody
  3. phagotype - action of species’ specific bacteriophage strain
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11
Q

comprised of different species with several important common features but differ sufficiently to maintain individual species status

A

Genus

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12
Q

developed the binomial system of nomenclature

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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13
Q

involves tests whose results serve as clues that will give the name of the organism

A

Identification

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14
Q

2 categories of identification

A
  • genotypic characteristics

- phenotypic characteristics

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15
Q

2 criteria for genotypic characteristics

A
  • DNA base composition ratio

- nucleic acid base sequence analysis or homology

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16
Q

8 criteria for phenotypic characteristics

A
  • microscopic morphology
  • staining characteristics
  • environmental requirements
  • nutritional requirements
  • macroscopic morphology
  • subcellular properties
  • resistance profiles
  • antigenic properties
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17
Q

developed the theory that all living things are composed of cells

A

Theodore Schwann and Mathias Schleiden

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18
Q

undifferentiated unicellular organisms that do not form specialized tissues and organ systems

A

Protists

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19
Q

4 functions living cells are capable of

A
  • growing
  • reproducing
  • responding to stimuli
  • metabolizing
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20
Q

2 groups of protists

A
  • prokaryotes

- eukaryotes

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21
Q

group of protists without a membrane surrounding the DNA and organelles

A

Prokaryotes

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22
Q

2 types of prokaryotes

A
  • bacteria

- archaea

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23
Q

differences between bacteria and archaea

A
  • nucleotide sequence of rRNA
  • type of lipids in cytoplasmic membrane
  • cell wall chemistry
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24
Q

group of protists with a membrane surrounding the DNA (nucleus) and membrane-bound organelles

25
5 types of eukaryotes
- algae - protozoa - fungi - animals - plants
26
discovered 3 basic types of ribosomes which led to the proposal of a new classification scheme with the new taxon - domain
Carl Woese
27
3 domains
- Eukarya - Bacteria - Archaea
28
3 basic shapes of bacteria
- coccus (round) - bacillus (long, fusiform) - spiral
29
Coccus subtypes
- diplococci - streptococci - staphylococci - tetrad - sarcina
30
cocci in pairs (2 round cells facing each other)
Diplococci
31
2 examples of diplococci and their shape
1. Streptococcus pneumoniae - lanceolate | 2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae - coffee bean
32
cocci in chains which look like beads on a string
Streptococci
33
example of streptococci
Streptococcus pyogenes (agent of bacterial tonsilitis)
34
cocci in grapelike or irregular clusters
Staphylococci
35
example of staphylococci
Staphylococcus aureus
36
cocci in groups of four
Tetrad
37
example of tetrad
Gaffkya tetragena
38
cocci in cubical packets of 8 cells
Sarcina
39
example of sarcina
Sarcina lutea (causes body odor)
40
Bacilli subtypes
- diplobacilli - streptobacilli - coccobacilli - vibrio
41
bacilli in pairs
Diplobacilli
42
special arrangements of diplobacilli
- snapping \/ | - slipping //
43
example of slipping diplobacilli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
44
bacilli in chains
Streptobacilli
45
example of streptobacilli
Bacillus subtilis (contains spaces called spores)
46
short, plump or thick, oval bacilli
Coccobacilli
47
example of coccobacilli
Escherichia coli (causes traveller's diarrhea)
48
comma-shaped bacilli
Vibrio
49
example of vibrio
Vibrio cholerae
50
Spiral subtypes
- spirillum | - spirochete
51
spiral organism with long axes that remain rigid when in motion
Spirillum
52
example of spirillum
Campylobacter jejuni (looks like a bird in flight, r, s, or n under the microscope)
53
spiral organism with long axes that bend when in motion
Spirochete
54
3 genera of spirochetes and
1. Genus Treponema (corkscrew) - T. pallidum 2. Genus Leptospira (hook-like ends) - L. interrogans 3. Genus Borrelia (undulating) - B. burgdorferi
55
smallest known pathogenic bacilli which causes bacterial meningitis in children
Haemophilus influenzae
56
largest known pathogenic bacilli which causes anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
57
bacteria with an average size of 0.4-2 µm
Cocci
58
bacteria with an average size of 0.2-4 µm x 0.5-20 µm
Bacilli
59
bacteria with an average length of 1-14 µm
Spirals

Microbiology (4 decks)

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