SCREENING TEST

Question 1

this type of test is used to confirm the presence of disease and for diagnosis

Answer 1

diagnostic test

Question 2

the ability of the test to detect the smallest concentration

Answer 2

sensitivity

Question 3

ability of a test to be specific for a certain disease

Answer 3

specificity

Question 4

screening is used for the _____________, _____________, and ____________ in an individual who does not show any signs of the disease

Answer 4

disease
precursors of the disease
susceptibility of the disease

Question 5

initial assumption (presumption) for the identification for those who probably have the disease from those who do not have disease

Answer 5

presumptive identification

Question 6

objectives of screening programs

Answer 6

determine the frequency or describe the natural history of a condition;
prevention of a contagion and protection of public’s health

Question 7

this is the detection of disease precursors as a guide to medical care of individuals

Answer 7

prescriptive screening

Question 8

screening test that attacks a broader population with no selection of groups within the said population

Answer 8

prospective screening

Question 9

8 uses of screening

Answer 9

case detection
case/disease control
research
health education
prescriptive screening
prospective screening
natural history of disease
public awareness

Question 10

8 uses of screening

Answer 10

case detection
case/disease control
research
health education
prescriptive screening
prospective screening
natural history of disease
publ ic awareness

Question 11

screening tests characteristics

Answer 11

tests for asymptomatic
tests for large groups
less accurate
not conclusive
less expensive
not basis for treatment

Question 12

characteristics of diagnostic tests

Answer 12

suggestive of clinical procedure
single subject
accurate
conclusive (can diagnose)
expensive
basis for treatment

Question 13

3 types of screening approach

Answer 13

mass/population approach
high-risk approach
multiphasic approach

Question 14

type of screening approach for screening of large-scale population groups/no selection approach/process

Answer 14

mass/population approach

Question 15

type of screeinng approach that is also known as selective screening, involving the selection of a specific group (high-risk group)

Answer 15

high-risk strategy/approach

Question 16

type of screening approach that involves multiple screening; combination of 2 screening tests in a large-scale population

Answer 16

multiphasic approach (screening)

Question 17

which type of screening test (approach) is more cost effective

Answer 17

high-risk strategy/approach

Question 18

type of screening test (approach) that has the potential alter the root cause of disease

Answer 18

population/mass approach

Question 19

cost effective screening test (approach) that is subject motivated

Answer 19

high-risk strategy

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE
high-risk strategy deals with interventions appropriate to the individual

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

disease criteria

Answer 21

present in the population
high burden of public health concern
screening and intervention must improve outcome
known natural history of disease

Question 22

test criteria

Answer 22

reliable
valid
simple and inexpensive
very safe
acceptance to subjects and provides…
cost effective
exit strategy

Question 23

refers to repeatability, reducibility, precision of results when the test is repeated on the same target individuals in the same setting

Answer 23

reliability

Question 24

causes of unreliability

Answer 24

observer variation
subject variation (biological)
technic method error variation

Question 25

in terms of acceptability, the test should not be:

Answer 25

painful unsafe discomforting/embarrassing socially not accepted

Question 26

ability of the test to distinguish between who has the disease and who does not

Answer 26

validity

Question 27

positive validity refers to…

Answer 27

positive results

Question 28

negative validity rrefers to…

Answer 28

negative results

Question 29

refers to the ability of the test to truly identify those who have the disease

Answer 29

sensitivity (true positive over all people with disease)

Question 30

ability of the test to identify those who do not have the disease

Answer 30

specificity (true negative over all people who do not have the disease)

Question 31

proportion of individuals with positive test (with the disease)

Answer 31

positive predictive value (true positive over true and false positives)

Question 32

proportion of indiivduals with negative test (without disease)

Answer 32

negative predictive value (true negative over true and false negatives)

Question 33

as prevalence increases, PPV ___________ NPV ___________

Answer 33

PPV increases NPV decreases

Question 34

as prevalence decreaes, PPV ____________ NPV ____________

Answer 34

PPV decreases NPV increases

Question 35

as specificity increases, PPV __________

Answer 35

increases

Question 36

as sensitivity increases, NPV ________________

Answer 36

increases