Scrotum

Question 1

How many sacs in the testes

Answer 1

2 lobed sac

Question 2

Explain the layers of the scrotum

Answer 2

The scrotum has 2 main layers
Skin + Tunic dartos (dartos m)

The tunica dartos = 
external spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia ( cremaster m)
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis

Question 3

explain which layer are around both testis and layers around one

Answer 3

The tunic dartos separates the two testis

Question 4

Explain the scrotal skin

Answer 4

Usually thin
Maybe hairy
XX- contains thermosensitive nerves and sweat glands

Question 5

Explain the tunica dartos

Answer 5

Tunica darto = dartos muscle
smooth muscle layer close to scrotal skin
Fx = testis regulation
Forms the septum between testes
Able to maintain prolonged contraction
Can raise testes close to body
Contraction = scrotal skin wrinkle
Relation = scortal skin increase in surface area

Question 6

External scrotal fascia

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue directly under the tunica dartos

Question 7

Cremasteric fascia

Answer 7

Continuous from the spermatic cord

Question 8

Internal scrotal fascia

Answer 8

Loose connective tissue directly under the cremasteric fascia

Question 9

Scrotum vascualture

Answer 9

By internal and external iliac arteries and veins
Internal iliac—> internal pudendal —> posterior scrotal
External iliac —> external pudendal —> anterior scrotal

Question 10

Relation between scrotum and testis blood supplies

Answer 10

They are different and distinct, not continuous of each other

Question 11

List the nerves of the scrotum

Answer 11

Genitofemoral
Pudenal
Ilioinguinal

Question 12

Genitofemoral nerve innervates?

Answer 12

(Genital branch) Innervates cranial scrotum and cremaster m

Question 13

Puedendal (perineal branch)

Answer 13

Innervates caudal scrotum

Question 14

Ilioinguinal

Answer 14

Innervates dorsal scrotum

Question 15

Explain how temperature of the testes is controlled through the actions of bloody supply, musculature and general thermoregulatory responses

Question 16

Moderate high temp affect on sperm

Answer 16

Sperm mobility decrease
Morphology becomes abnormal
Sperm DNA may be damaged

Question 17

Extremely high temp

Answer 17

All sperm production stops

Question 18

List the 3 Testis temperature control mechanisms

Answer 18

Vasculature
Musculature
General thermoregulatory responses

Question 19

Vasculature temp control for scrotum

Answer 19

1. Counter current between testicular artery and pampiniform plexus
2. Testicular artery is highly coiled an superficial on the ventral part of the testis = radiant heat loss

Question 20

How does counter-current heat exchange

Answer 20

Passive heat transfer from arteries to veins
Warm arterial blood to cool veins
Cremaster muscle helps by promoting venous return = enhancing cooling

Question 21

Dartos muscle role in thermoregulation

Answer 21

Scrotal nerves detect temp
—> contration influences SA for radiant and evaporative heat loss
Also able to lower and raise the testes

Question 22

Explain the general thermoregulation for scrotum

Answer 22

Sweating - localised to scrotum

Panting - (polypnea) - these response decrease temp via evaporative heat loss