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SD Day 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 conditions that fall under Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases?

A
  1. Acute Bronchitis
  2. Chronic Bronchitis
  3. Emphysema
  4. Bronchiecstasis
  5. Asthma
  6. Cystic Fibrosis
  7. Pneumonia
  8. Pulmonary Tubercolosis
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2
Q

What are the 4 conditions that fall under Chronic Restrictive Pulmonary Disease?

A
  1. Pneumothorax
  2. Hemothorax
  3. Atelectasis
  4. Pulmonary Edema
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3
Q

Which lung volume changes occur in COPD/COLD?

A

TV - Normal
RV - Increased
FRC - Increased
TLC - Increased

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4
Q

Which lung volume changes occur in CRPD/RLD?

A

TV - Normal or Decreased
RV - Normal or Decreased
FRC - Decreased
TLC - Decreased

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5
Q

This is the acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi

A

Acute Bronchitis

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6
Q

The two most common causes of acute bronchitis

A

Chemical Irritation

Viral Infection

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7
Q

Diagnose the patient:

o Mild fever from 1-3 days
o Malaise
o Sore throat
o Cough with sputum production, followed by wheezing
o Possibly laryngitis
A

Acute Bronchitis

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8
Q

What is the Histological Hallmark in Chronic Bronchitis?

A

Mucous Membrane Hyperplasia

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9
Q

This disease is associated with prolonged exposure to nonspecific bronchial irritants.

There is swelling of the mucous membrane and thick sputum that obstruct the airways.

Patients exhibit wheezing.

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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10
Q

Diagnose the Patient:

o Persistent cough with production of sputum 
o Reduced chest expansion
o Wheezing
o Fever
o Dyspnea
o Cyanosis
o Decreased exercise tolerance
A

Chronic Bronchitis

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11
Q

This is a chronic irreversible disease of the lungs characterized by alveolar wall damage and loss of normal elastic tension of the lungs.

A

emphysema

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12
Q

These are pockets of air in between the alveolar spaces

A

Blebs

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13
Q

Air sacs in the lung parenchyma

A

Bullae

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14
Q

What are the three types of Emphysema

A
  1. Centrilobular
  2. Paraseptal
  3. Panlobular
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15
Q

Type of emphysema where bronchioles are inflamed with intact alveolar sac

A

centrilobular

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16
Q

Type of emphysema where there is destruction of the distal alveolar walls

A

Panlobular

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17
Q

Type of emphysema where there is destruction of the distal alveolar walls resulting in isolated bleb formation along the periphery of the lungs

A

Paraseptal

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18
Q

What is the hallmark sign of emphysema

A

forced expiratory time more than 6 seconds indicating severe expiratory airflow obstruction.

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19
Q

Diagnose the Patient:

▪ Use of accessory muscle of respiration 
▪ Dyspnea on exertion
▪ Peripheral cyanosis
▪ Barrel chest 
▪ Malaise
A

Emphysema

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20
Q

Diagnose the Patient:

▪ Prolonged expiratory period 
▪ Pursed-lip breathing
▪ Chronic cough
▪ Weight loss 
▪ Wheezing
A

Emphysema

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21
Q

This is abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi

A

Bronchiecstasis

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22
Q

what is the most common cause of bronchiecstasis?

A
  1. Recurrent infection (Pneumonia and Cystic Fibrosis)
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23
Q

Hallmark sign of bornchiecstasis

A

Chronic cough, hemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia

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24
Q

Hypersensitive airways resulting to reversible obstructive lung disease

A

Asthma

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25
What are the 6 triggers of asthma
1. Respiratory infection 2. Cigarette smoke 3. Pollen, mold, animal hair, feather, dust insects 4. Physical exertion 5. Cold air, temperature change 6. Strong emotions
26
What are the 3 categories of asthma
1. conventional/standard asthma 2. Occupational Asthma 3. Exercise-Induced Asthma
27
other name of Severe bronchospasm
Status asthmaticus
28
Main treatment for asthma
Leukotriene modifiers (decreases inflammation and relaxes airways)
29
This is the first indicator from HIV to AIDS
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
30
An infection that inflames your lungs' air sacs (alveoli)
Pneumonia
31
Common causes of pneumonia
o Aspiration of fluids, food or vomitus o Inhalation of chemicals, dust, smoke or gas o Bacterial or viral infection
32
Type of pneumonia caused by intra-alveolar bacteria
Bacterial Pneumonia
33
What is the most common bacteria that causes pneumonia
Pneumococcal Pneumonia (streptococcal)
34
this is a type of pneumonia caused by interstitial or intra-alveolar inflammatory process caused by viral agents
Viral Pneumonia
35
This type of pneumonia present with dry cough, and normal WBC count
Viral Pneumonia
36
A genetically inherited disease characterized by thickening of secretions of all exocrine glands, leading to obstruction
Cystic Fibrosis
37
This is a test with High Sensitivity to Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat Electrolyte Test
38
This condition is caused by a defect in the long arm of chromosome 7
Cystic Fibrosis
39
This is tuberculosis of the spine
Pott's Disease
40
This is a type of isolation setup where in the air only circulates within the room
negative pressure room
41
What are the 5 anti-tuberculin drugs
``` Rifampicin Izaniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin ```
42
How many week does it take for a patient taking anti-tuberculin drugs to become non-infectious
2 weeks
43
Hallmark of Bronchiecstasis?
Chronic cough, hemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia
44
abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi
Bronchiecstasis
45
Referred pain areas for CRPD
Shoulder, upper traps, neck and lower chest wall and abdomen (of the affected side)
46
What is the most comfortable position for pneumothorax? (PTX)
Sitting Upright
47
Referred pain areas of PTX
upper and lateral thoracic wall with referral to the sounder, across the chest or over the abdomen
48
collapsed or airless alveolar unit due to hypoventilation secondary to pain
atelectasis
49
excessive seepage of fluid from the pulmonary vascular system into the interstitial space
Pulmonary edema
50
characteristic of the mucous of pulmonary edema
Pink frothy
51
Cardiogenic or Non-cardiogeninc cause of pulmonary edema: increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries associated with left ventricular failure
Cardiogenic
52
Cardiogenic or Non-cardiogeninc cause of pulmonary edema: increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes due to inhalation of toxic fumes, narcotic overdose, etc.
Non-cardiogenic
53
* Restricts expansion * Difficulty inhalation * ↓lung volumes
restrictive lung disease
54
* Flow of air impeded * Difficult exhalation * ↑FRC and FRV
chronic obstructive lung disease
55
Other name of lung cancer
Brochogenic Carcinoma
56
Major risk factor of smoking (82%)
smoking
57
Most common areas for lung cancer metastasis
long bones, vertebral column, 50% Brain
58
Lung cancer advance stage symptoms
anorexia and weight loss
59
Purpose of this intervention is to increase ventilation and improve gas exchange, decrease work of breathing, increase excursion of diaphragm
Diaphragmatic Breathing
60
Purpose of this intervention if to emphasize expansion of hypoventilated segments of lungs
Segmental Breathing
61
This type of exercise technique increases exercise tolerance
Pursed-Lip Breathing
62
Purpose of this intervention is to relieve dyspnea and keep airways open and improve exercise tolerance
Pursed-lip breathing
63
This intervention technique is used to improve weaning from ventilator and improve cough
Glossopharyngeal Breathing (used for high SCI patients)
64
This intervention technique is used to prevent occurrence of dyspnea
Activity Pacing
65
The purpose of the intervention measure is to: o Improve strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles o To increase the volume of air inspired
Incentive Respiratory Spirometry
66
The most common and easiest means of clearing the airway
Coughing
67
This is technique is used to elicit cough in infant and those disoriented patients
tracheal stimulation
68
This is a procedure done to allow airway clearance for those who cannot cough or huff; takes about 10-15 seconds
Endotracheal Suctioning
69
Placing the patient in varying positions for optimal gravity drainage of secretions and increased expansion of the involved segment
Postural Drainage
70
What are the three indications for postural drainage?
1. increased pulmonary secretions 2. Aspiration 3. Atelectasis or collapse
71
How many minutes should each position be allowed during postural drainage?
20 min per position
72
This treatment procedure is indicated for patients with weakness and atrophy in muscles of respiration
Incentive Respiratory Spirometry
73
This intervention is contraindicated for patients with COPD because it increases intrathoracic pressure (leading to closure of airways)
Coughing (huffing is used instead because it does not cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure)
74
This intervention technique is used for patients who do not have the strength to cough voluntarily
Manual Assisted coughing
75
Elevation of body during postural drainage of the middle lobe and left upper lobes?
16 inches elevation
76
Elevation of body during postural drainage of the lower lobes?
20 inches elevation
77
body position during postural drainage of the posterior and superior segment?
Prone
78
True or False during postural drainage the bad lung is always up?
True
79
During postural drainage what lobe and segment is the only one where the patient is positioned in supine?
Upper Lobes of the Anterior Segment
80
During postural drainage what lobe and segment is the only one where the patient is positioned in prone and flat?
Lower Lobe Superior Segment

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