Seana's Midterm Review

Question 1

According to Erickson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing:

a. Intimacy.
b. Identity.
c. Initiative.
d. Independence.

Answer 1

b. Identity.

Question 2

According to Piaget, the adolescent is in the fourth stage of cognitive development, or period of:

a. Formal operations.
b. Concrete operations.
c. Conventional thought.
d. Postconventional thought.

Answer 2

a. Formal operations.

Question 3

The most common cause of death in the adolescent age-group involves:

a. Drownings.
b. Firearms.
c. Drug overdoses.
d. Motor vehicles.

Answer 3

d. Motor vehicles.

Question 4

Which statement is correct about childhood obesity?

a. Heredity is an important factor in the development of obesity.
b. Childhood obesity in the United States is decreasing.
c. Childhood obesity is the result of inactivity.
d. Childhood obesity can be attributed to an underlying disease in most cases.

Answer 4

a. Heredity is an important factor in the development of obesity.

Question 5

The nurse is explaining Tanner staging to an adolescent and her mother. Which statement best describes Tanner staging?

a. Predictable stages of puberty that are based on chronological age
b. Staging of puberty based on the initiation of menarche and nocturnal emissions
c. Predictable stages of puberty that are based on primary and secondary sexual characteristics
d. Staging of puberty based on the initiation of primary sexual characteristics

Answer 5

c. Predictable stages of puberty that are based on primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 6

Which behavior suggests appropriate psychosocial development in the adolescent?

a. The adolescent seeks validation for socially acceptable behavior from older adults.
b. The adolescent is self-absorbed and self-centered and has sudden mood swings.
c. Adolescents move from peers and enjoy spending time with family members.
d. Conformity with the peer group increases in late adolescence.

Answer 6

b. The adolescent is self-absorbed and self-centered and has sudden mood swings.

Question 7

A 17-year-old tells the nurse that he is not having sex because it would make his parents very angry. This response indicates that the adolescent has a developmental lag in which area?

a. Cognitive development
b. Moral development
c. Psychosocial development
d. Psychosexual development

Answer 7

b. Moral development

Question 8

Generally the earliest age at which puberty begins is:

a. 13 years in girls, 13 years in boys.
b. 11 years in girls, 11 years in boys.
c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys.
d. 12 years in girls, 10 years in boys.

Answer 8

c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys.

Question 9

An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for “being bad.” She shares her concern that, if she dies, she will go to hell. The nurse should interpret this as being:

a. A belief common at this age.
b. A belief that forms the basis for most religions.
c. Suggestive of excessive family pressure.
d. Suggestive of a failure to develop a conscience.

Answer 9

a. A belief common at this age.

Question 10

The role of the peer group in the life of school-age children is that it:

a. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostility.
b. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer time.
c. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex roles.
d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents.

Answer 10

d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents.

Question 11

What is descriptive of the play of school-age children?

a. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages.
b. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
c. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go.
d. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.

Answer 11

b. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.

Question 12

What is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?

a. Cheating during games is now more common.
b. Lying results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
c. They may steal because their sense of property rights is limited.
d. They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.

Answer 12

d. They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.

Question 13

Which statement best describes fear in school-age children?

a. They are increasingly fearful for body safety.
b. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.
c. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers.
d. Those who have numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears.

Answer 13

b. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.

Question 14

Which behavior is not normally demonstrated in the 8-year-old child?

a. Understands that his or her point of view is not the only one
b. Enjoys telling riddles and silly jokes
c. Understands that pouring liquid from a small to a large container does not change the amount
d. Engages in fantasy and magical thinking

Answer 14

d. Engages in fantasy and magical thinking

Question 15

The ability to mentally understand that 1 + 3 = 4 and 4 – 3 = 1 occurs in which stage of cognitive development?

a. Concrete operations stage
b. Formal operations stage
c. Intuitive thought stage
d. Preoperations stage

Answer 15

a. Concrete operations stage

Question 16

Which activity is most appropriate for developing fine motor skills in the school-age child?

a. Drawing
b. Singing
c. Soccer
d. Swimming

Answer 16

a. Drawing

Question 17

Which demonstrates the school-age child’s developing logic in the stage of concrete operations (select all that apply)?

a. The school-age child is able to recognize that he can be a son, brother, or nephew at the same time.
b. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility.
c. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility.
d. The school-age child has thinking that is characterized by egocentrism and animism.

Answer 17

a. The school-age child is able to recognize that he can be a son, brother, or nephew at the same time.
b. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility.
c. The school-age child understands the principles of adding, subtracting, and reversibility.

Question 18

A nurse is planning care for a 7-year-old child hospitalized with osteomyelitis. Which activities should the nurse plan to bring from the playroom for the child (select all that apply)?

a. Paper and some paints
b. Board games
c. Jack-in-the-box
d. Stuffed animals
e. Computer games

Answer 18

a. Paper and some paints
b. Board games
e. Computer games

Question 19

Which accomplishment would the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child?

a. Jump rope
b. Ride a two-wheel bicycle
c. Skip on alternate feet
d. Balance on one foot for a few seconds

Answer 19

d. Balance on one foot for a few seconds

Question 20

In terms of fine motor development, what could the 3-year-old child be expected to do?

a. Tie shoelaces.
b. Use scissors or a pencil very well.
c. Draw a person with seven to nine parts.
d. Copy (draw) a circle.

Answer 20

d. Copy (draw) a circle.

Question 21

In terms of cognitive development, the 5-year-old child would be expected to:

a. Use magical thinking.
b. Think abstractly.
c. Understand conservation of matter.
d. Be able to comprehend another person’s perspective.

Answer 21

a. Use magical thinking.

Question 22

What is descriptive of the preschooler’s understanding of time?

a. Has no understanding of time
b. Associates time with events
c. Can tell time on a clock
d. Uses terms like “yesterday” appropriately

Answer 22

b. Associates time with events

Question 23

A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was “bad.” The nurse’s best interpretation of this comment is that it is:

a. A sign of stress.
b. Common at this age.
c. Suggestive of maladaptation.
d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home.

Answer 23

b. Common at this age.

Question 24

Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period?
a. Solitary

b. Parallel
c. Associative
d. Team

Answer 24

c. Associative

Question 25

A normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool-age child is: a. Lisp. b. Stammering. c. Echolalia. d. Repetition without meaning.

Answer 25

b. Stammering.

Question 26

Which play patterns does a 3-year-old child typically display (select all that apply)? a. Imaginary play b. Parallel play c. Cooperative play d. Structured play e. Associative play

Answer 26

a. Imaginary play b. Parallel play c. Cooperative play e. Associative play

Question 27

In terms of language and cognitive development, a 4-year-old child would be expected to have which traits (select all that apply)? a. Think in abstract terms. b. Follow directional commands. c. Understand conservation of matter. d. Use sentences of eight words. e. Tell exaggerated stories.

Answer 27

b. Follow directional commands. | e. Tell exaggerated stories.

Question 28

Which toys should a nurse provide to promote imaginative play for a 3-year-old hospitalized child (select all that apply)? a. Plastic telephone b. Hand puppets c. Jigsaw puzzle (100 pieces) d. Farm animals and equipment e. Jump rope

Answer 28

a. Plastic telephone b. Hand puppets d. Farm animals and equipment

Question 29

The nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, in what stage would the nurse expect the child to be? a. Trust b. Preoperations c. Secondary circular reaction d. Tertiary circular reaction

Answer 29

d. Tertiary circular reaction

Question 30

What describes a toddler’s cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden b. Realizes that “out of sight” is not out of reach c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out d. Understands the passage of time such as “just a minute” and “in an hour”

Answer 30

b. Realizes that “out of sight” is not out of reach

Question 31

Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. The best interpretation of this behavior is that: a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them. d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.

Answer 31

b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

Question 32

Which statement about toilet training is correct? a. Bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training. b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. c. Watching older siblings use the toilet confuses the child. d. Children must be forced to sit on the toilet when first learning.

Answer 32

b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet.

Question 33

Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child? a. Skips b. Rides tricycle c. Broad jumps d. Walks up and down stairs

Answer 33

d. Walks up and down stairs

Question 34

A toddler’s parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. The most appropriate recommendation is to: a. Punish the child. b. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. c. Ignore the behavior, provided that it is not injurious. d. Explain to child that this is wrong.

Answer 34

c. Ignore the behavior, provided that it is not injurious.

Question 35

The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use “baby talk” since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend that the parents: a. Ignore the “baby talk.” b. Explain to the toddler that “baby talk” is for babies. c. Tell the toddler frequently, “You are a big kid now.” d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.

Answer 35

a. Ignore the “baby talk.”

Question 36

The leading cause of death during the toddler period is: a. Injuries. b. Infectious diseases. c. Congenital disorders. d. Childhood diseases.

Answer 36

a. Injuries.

Question 37

The parent of 16-month-old Chris asks, “What is the best way to keep Chris from getting into our medicines at home?” The nurse should advise that: a. “All medicines should be locked securely away.” b. “The medicines should be placed in high cabinets.” c. “Chris just needs to be taught not to touch medicines.” d. “Medicines should not be kept in the homes of small children.”

Answer 37

a. “All medicines should be locked securely away.”

Question 38

Which toy is the most developmentally appropriate for an 18- to 24-month-old child? a. A push-pull toy b. Nesting blocks c. A bicycle with training wheels d. A computer

Answer 38

a. A push-pull toy

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of a transitional object? a. It helps the parents deal with the guilt they feel when they leave the child. b. It keeps the child quiet at bedtime. c. It is effective in decreasing anxiety in the toddler. d. It decreases negativism and tantrums in the toddler.

Answer 39

c. It is effective in decreasing anxiety in the toddler.

Question 40

What is helpful to tell a mother who is concerned about preventing sleep problems in her 2-year-old child? a. Have the child always sleep in a quiet, darkened room. b. Provide high-carbohydrate snacks before bedtime. c. Communicate with the child’s daytime caregiver about eliminating the afternoon nap. d. Use a night-light in the child's room.

Answer 40

d. Use a night-light in the child's room.

Question 41

Kimberly’s parents have been using a rearward-facing, convertible car seat since she was born. The parents should be taught that most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child reaches which age? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 3 years d. 4 years

Answer 41

b. 2 years

Question 42

Which play item should the nurse bring from the playroom to a hospitalized toddler in isolation? a. Small plastic Legos b. Set of large plastic building blocks c. Brightly colored balloon d. Coloring book and crayons

Answer 42

b. Set of large plastic building blocks

Question 43

Parents need further teaching about the use of car safety seats if they make which statement? a. “Even if our toddler helps buckle the straps, we will double-check the fastenings.” b. “We won’t start the car until everyone is properly restrained.” c. “We won’t need to use the car seat on short trips to the store.” d. “We will anchor the car seat to the car’s anchoring system.”

Answer 43

c. “We won’t need to use the car seat on short trips to the store.”

Question 44

Motor vehicle injuries are a significant threat to young children. Knowing this, the nurse plans a teaching session with a toddler’s parents on car safety. Which will she teach (select all that apply)? a. Secure in a rear-facing, upright, car safety seat. b. Place the car safety seat in the rear seat, behind the driver’s seat. c. Harness safety straps should be fit snugly. d. Place the car safety seat in the front passenger seat equipped with an air bag. e. After the age of 2 years, toddlers can be placed in a forward-facing car seat.

Answer 44

a. Secure in a rear-facing, upright, car safety seat. c. Harness safety straps should be fit snugly. e. After the age of 2 years, toddlers can be placed in a forward-facing car seat.

Question 45

The nurse is assessing parental knowledge of temper tantrums. Which are true statements regarding temper tantrums (select all that apply)? a. Temper tantrums are a common response to anger and frustration in toddlers. b. Temper tantrums often include screaming, kicking, throwing things, and head banging. c. Parents can effectively manage temper tantrums by giving in to the child’s demands. d. Children having temper tantrums should be safely isolated and ignored. e. Parents can learn to anticipate times when tantrums are more likely to occur.

Answer 45

a. Temper tantrums are a common response to anger and frustration in toddlers. b. Temper tantrums often include screaming, kicking, throwing things, and head banging. d. Children having temper tantrums should be safely isolated and ignored. e. Parents can learn to anticipate times when tantrums are more likely to occur.

Question 46

A nurse is planning care for a hospitalized toddler in the preoperational thinking stage. Which characteristics should the nurse expect in this stage (select all that apply)? a. Concrete thinking b. Egocentrism c. Animism d. Magical thinking e. Ability to reason

Answer 46

b. Egocentrism c. Animism d. Magical thinking

Question 47

Which should the nurse teach to parents of toddlers about accidental poison prevention (select all that apply)? a. Keep toxic substances in the garage. b. Discard empty poison containers. c. Know the number of the nearest poison control center. d. Remove colorful labels from containers of toxic substances. e. Caution child against eating nonedible items, such as plants.

Answer 47

b. Discard empty poison containers. c. Know the number of the nearest poison control center. e. Caution child against eating nonedible items, such as plants.

Question 48

Which gross motor milestones should the nurse assess in an 18-month-old child (select all that apply)? a. Jumps in place with both feet b. Takes a few steps on tiptoe c. Throws ball overhand without falling d. Pulls and pushes toys e. Stands on one foot momentarily

Answer 48

a. Jumps in place with both feet c. Throws ball overhand without falling e. Stands on one foot momentarily

Question 49

Which statement best describes the infant’s physical development? a. Anterior fontanel closes by age 6 to 10 months. b. Binocularity is well established by age 8 months. c. Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year. d. Maternal iron stores persist during the first 12 months of life.

Answer 49

c. Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year.

Question 50

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately: a. 10 pounds. b. 15 pounds. c. 20 pounds. d. 25 pounds.

Answer 50

b. 15 pounds.

Question 51

The nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed. This should be interpreted as: a. A normal finding. b. A questionable finding—the infant should be rechecked in 1 month. c. An abnormal finding—indicates the need for immediate referral to a practitioner. d. An abnormal finding—indicates the need for developmental assessment.

Answer 51

a. A normal finding.

Question 52

By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close? a. 6 to 8 weeks b. 10 to 12 weeks c. 4 to 6 months d. 8 to 10 months

Answer 52

a. 6 to 8 weeks

Question 53

A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands; however, she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as: a. Normal development. b. Significant developmental lag. c. Slightly delayed development caused by prematurity. d. Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy.

Answer 53

a. Normal development.

Question 54

In terms of fine motor development, the infant of 7 months should be able to: a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other. b. Use thumb and index finger in a crude pincer grasp. c. Hold a crayon and make a mark on paper. d. Release cubes into a cup.

Answer 54

a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other.

Question 55

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? a. Roll from abdomen to back. b. Roll from back to abdomen. c. Sit erect without support. d. Move from prone to sitting position.

Answer 55

a. Roll from abdomen to back.

Question 56

At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 10 months

Answer 56

c. 8 months

Question 57

By what age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? a. 6 months b. 8 months c. 9 months d. 11 to 12 months

Answer 57

d. 11 to 12 months | Per Garcia

Question 58

According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what stage of the sensorimotor phase? a. Use of reflexes b. Primary circular reactions c. Secondary circular reactions d. Coordination of secondary schemata

Answer 58

c. Secondary circular reactions

Question 59

Which behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? a. Recognizes familiar face such as the mother b. Recognizes familiar object such as a bottle c. Actively searches for a hidden object d. Secures objects by pulling on a string

Answer 59

c. Actively searches for a hidden object

Question 60

A parent asks the nurse “At what age do most babies begin to fear strangers?” The nurse responds that most infants begin to fear strangers at age: a. 2 months. b. 4 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months.

Answer 60

c. 6 months. | Garcia says 8 months

Question 61

Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks’ gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a “more difficult” baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that: a. Infants’ temperaments are part of their unique characteristics. b. Infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines. c. Sara’s behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents. d. Sara’s difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period.

Answer 61

a. Infants’ temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.

Question 62

Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? a. Give large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation. b. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills. c. Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills. d. Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.

Answer 62

a. Give large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation.

Question 63

An appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation is: a. Playing peek-a-boo. b. Playing pat-a-cake. c. Imitating animal sounds. d. Showing how to clap hands.

Answer 63

a. Playing peek-a-boo.

Question 64

The best play activity to provide tactile stimulation for a 6-month-old infant is to: a. Allow to splash in bath. b. Give various colored blocks. c. Play music box, tapes, or CDs. d. Use infant swing or stroller.

Answer 64

a. Allow to splash in bath.

Question 65

Austin, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is: a. Normal tooth eruption. b. Delayed tooth eruption. c. Unusual and dangerous. d. Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption.

Answer 65

d. Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption.

Question 66

A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given: a. Skim milk. b. Whole cow’s milk. c. Commercial iron-fortified formula. d. Commercial formula without iron.

Answer 66

c. Commercial iron-fortified formula.

Question 67

When is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant’s diet? a. 2 to 3 months b. 4 to 6 months c. When birth weight has tripled d. When tooth eruption has started

Answer 67

b. 4 to 6 months

Question 68

The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant’s family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is: a. Front facing in back seat. b. Rear facing in back seat. c. Front facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side. d. Rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.

Answer 68

b. Rear facing in back seat.

Question 69

A parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, “All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry.” The nurse’s best action is: a. Encourage parent to verbalize feelings. b. Encourage parent not to worry so much. c. Assess parent for other signs of inadequate parenting. d. Reassure parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.

Answer 69

a. Encourage parent to verbalize feelings.

Question 70

Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include: a. Avoiding touching the abdomen. b. Avoiding using a pacifier. c. Changing the infant’s position frequently. d. Placing the infant where the family cannot hear the crying.

Answer 70

c. Changing the infant’s position frequently.

Question 71

Which is the most appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic? a. Shake vigorously. b. Roll head side to side. c. Hold by feet upside down with head supported. d. Gently stimulate trunk by patting or rubbing.

Answer 71

d. Gently stimulate trunk by patting or rubbing.

Question 72

The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that this is: a. Unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). b. Unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones. c. Unacceptable to encourage fine motor development. d. Acceptable to encourage head control and turning over.

Answer 72

d. Acceptable to encourage head control and turning over.

Question 73

The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? a. 6 months b. 9 months c. 12 months d. 18 months

Answer 73

c. 12 months

Question 74

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do (select all that apply)? a. Roll from abdomen to back. b. Put feet in mouth when supine. c. Roll from back to abdomen. d. Sit erect without support. e. Move from prone to sitting position.

Answer 74

a. Roll from abdomen to back. | b. Put feet in mouth when supine.

Question 75

A nurse has completed a teaching session for parents about “baby-proofing” the home. Which statements made by the parents indicate an understanding of the teaching (select all that apply)? a. “We will put plastic fillers in all electrical plugs.” b. “We will place poisonous substances in a high cupboard.” c. “We will place a gate at the top and bottom of stairways.” d. “We will keep our household hot water heater at 130 degrees.” e. “We will remove front knobs from the stove.”

Answer 75

a. “We will put plastic fillers in all electrical plugs.” c. “We will place a gate at the top and bottom of stairways.” e. “We will remove front knobs from the stove.”

Question 76

The pediatric nurse understands that nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management: a. May reduce pain perception. b. Make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary. c. Usually take too long to implement. d. Trick children into believing they do not have pain.

Answer 76

a. May reduce pain perception.

Question 77

Which drug is usually the best choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for a child in the immediate postoperative period? a. Codeine b. Morphine c. Methadone d. Meperidine

Answer 77

b. Morphine

Question 78

Which myth may interfere with the treatment of pain in infants and children? a. Infants may have sleep difficulties after a painful event. b. Children and infants are more susceptible to respiratory depression from narcotics. c. Pain in children is multidimensional and subjective. d. A child’s cognitive level does not influence the pain experience.

Answer 78

b. Children and infants are more susceptible to respiratory depression from narcotics.

Question 79

Which assessment indicates to a nurse that a 2-year-old child is in need of pain medication? a. The child is lying rigidly in bed and not moving. b. The child’s current vital signs are consistent with vital signs over the past 4 hours. c. The child becomes quiet when held and cuddled. d. The child has just returned from the recovery room.

Answer 79

a. The child is lying rigidly in bed and not moving.

Question 80

When assessing pain in any child, the nurse should consider that: a. Any pain assessment tool can be used to assess pain in children. b. Children as young as 1 year old use words to express pain. c. The child’s behavioral, physiologic, and verbal responses are valuable when assessing pain. d. Pain assessment tools are minimally effective for communicating about pain.

Answer 80

c. The child’s behavioral, physiologic, and verbal responses are valuable when assessing pain.

Question 81

A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FACES pain rating tool b. Numeric scale c. Oucher scale d. FLACC tool

Answer 81

d. FLACC tool

Question 82

An appropriate tool to assess pain in a 3-year-old child is the  (Select all that apply): a. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) b. Adolescent and pediatric pain tool c. Oucher tool d. Poker Chip Tool e. FACES pain rating scale

Answer 82

c. Oucher tool d. Poker Chip Tool e. FACES pain rating scale

Question 83

What is the single most important factor to consider when communicating with children? a. The child’s physical condition b. The presence or absence of the child’s parent c. The child’s developmental level d. The child’s nonverbal behaviors

Answer 83

c. The child’s developmental level

Question 84

What is an important consideration for the nurse who is communicating with a very young child? a. Speak loudly, clearly, and directly. b. Use transition objects such as a doll. c. Disguise own feelings, attitudes, and anxiety. d. Initiate contact with the child when the parent is not present.

Answer 84

b. Use transition objects such as a doll.

Question 85

When introducing hospital equipment to a preschooler who seems afraid, the nurse’s approach should be based on which principle? a. The child may think the equipment is alive. b. The child is too young to understand what the equipment does. c. Explaining the equipment will only increase the child’s fear. d. One brief explanation is enough to reduce the child’s fear.

Answer 85

a. The child may think the equipment is alive.

Question 86

Which age group is most concerned with body integrity? a. Toddler b. Preschooler c. School-age child d. Adolescent

Answer 86

c. School-age child

Question 87

The nurse should expect the anterior fontanel to close at age: a. 2 months b. 2 to 4 months c. 6 to 8 months d. 12 to 18 months

Answer 87

d. 12 to 18 months

Question 88

The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as: a. Cephalocaudal. b. Proximodistal. c. Mass to specific. d. Sequential.

Answer 88

a. Cephalocaudal.

Question 89

An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 21

Answer 89

d. 21

Question 90

By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years

Answer 90

c. 4 years

Question 91

How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys. b. It occurs earlier in girls. c. It is about the same in both boys and girls. d. In both boys and girls it depends on their growth in infancy.

Answer 91

b. It occurs earlier in girls.

Question 92

By the time children reach their twelfth birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of: a. Identity. b. Industry. c. Integrity. d. Intimacy.

Answer 92

b. Industry.

Question 93

The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child ages 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. What best describes this concept? a. Selfishness b. Self-centeredness c. Preferring to play alone d. Inability to put self in another’s place

Answer 93

d. Inability to put self in another’s place

Question 94

The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence? a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket. b. She returns the blocks to the same spot on the table. c. She recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out. d. She bangs two cubes held in her hands.

Answer 94

a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket.

Question 95

What is characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development? a. Thinking is logical. b. Thinking is concrete. c. Reasoning is inductive. d. Generalizations can be made.

Answer 95

b. Thinking is concrete.

Question 96

Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior b. Inability to put oneself in another’s place c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes d. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions

Answer 96

c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes

Question 97

At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance? a. Toddlerhood b. Young school-age period c. Older school-age period d. Adolescence

Answer 97

a. Toddlerhood

Question 98

A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in _____ play. a. Skill b. Dramatic c. Social-affective d. Sense-pleasure

Answer 98

d. Sense-pleasure

Question 99

In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

Answer 99

c. Associative

Question 100

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play? a. Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck c. Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich d. Danielle playing with a music box on her mother’s lap

Answer 100

b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck

Question 101

Three children playing a board game would be an example of: a. Solitary play b. Parallel play c. Associative play d. Cooperative play

Answer 101

d. Cooperative play

Question 102

Which function of play is a major component of play at all ages? a. Creativity b. Socialization c. Intellectual development d. Sensorimotor activity

Answer 102

d. Sensorimotor activity

Question 103

What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development? a. Nutrition b. Heredity c. Culture d. Environment

Answer 103

a. Nutrition

Question 104

The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is: a. Erickson. b. Freud. c. Kohlberg. d. Piaget.

Answer 104

a. Erickson.

Question 105

Which “expected outcome” would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-year-old child? a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents. b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs. c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization. d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times.

Answer 105

b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.

Question 106

Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function (Select all that apply): a. Intellectual development b. Physical development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity e. Temperament development

Answer 106

a. Intellectual development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity

Question 107

Which term best describes a group of people who share a set of values, beliefs, practices, social relationships, law, politics, economics, and norms of behavior? a. Race b. Culture c. Ethnicity d. Social group

Answer 107

b. Culture

Question 108

The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child during a home health visit. The child’s mother says that she has rubbed the edge of a coin on her child’s oiled skin. The nurse should recognize that this is: a. Child abuse. b. A cultural practice to rid the body of disease. c. A cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums. d. A child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture.

Answer 108

b. A cultural practice to rid the body of disease.

Question 109

The major cause of death for children older than 1 year is: a. Cancer. b. Infection. c. Unintentional injuries. d. Congenital abnormalities.

Answer 109

c. Unintentional injuries.

Question 110

What are the rules of Pediatric Mathematics? Intake Output Bolus

Answer 110

Intake is the 100 - 50 - 20 Output is 1 - 2 mL / kg / hr Bolus is 20 mL / kg