SEC 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are protists?
Protists are eukaryotic, mostly unicellular organisms including protozoa, algae, and fungus-like protists (slime and water molds). They live in water, wet soil, and some live symbiotically and parasitically with other organisms.
How do protists move?
Protists move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.
How do protists reproduce?
Many protists reproduce asexually.
What are protozoa?
Protozoa are single-celled microscopic organisms that are heterotrophic and ingest food through food vacuoles.
What role do protozoa play in aquatic ecosystems?
Many protozoa form zooplankton, which is a key energy source for aquatic ecosystems.
What diseases can parasitic protozoa cause?
Some parasitic protozoa cause malaria, amebic dysentery, and African sleeping sickness.
How do protozoa reproduce?
Protozoa reproduce mainly by binary or multiple fission, but some reproduce sexually by conjugation.
What adaptations do protozoa have?
Protozoa use eyespots to detect changes in light and can form cysts to survive environmental changes.
How are protozoa classified?
Protozoa are classified into 4 phyla: Sarcodina, Ciliophora, Zoomastigina, and Sporozoa.
What is Phylum Sarcodina?
Phylum Sarcodina includes amoebas that inhabit water, salt water, and soil.
How do amoebas move?
Amoebas move by pseudopodia, which forms when the endoplasm pushes the ectoplasm.
What diseases are caused by Sarcodina?
Sarcodina can cause serious diseases like amebic dysentery through contaminated food and water.
What is Phylum Ciliophora?
Phylum Ciliophora includes paramecium that move using short hair-like projections known as cilia.
How do paramecium intake food?
Paramecium have an oral groove, gullet, and mouth pore that aid food intake via currents created by the cilia.
What is the reproductive method of paramecium?
Paramecium reproduce asexually by binary fission, but some reproduce sexually by conjugation.
What is Phylum Zoomastigina?
Phylum Zoomastigina has organisms that have one or more flagella for movement.
What disease is caused by Trypanosoma?
Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness, transmitted by the tsetse fly.
What is Phylum Sporozoa?
Phylum Sporozoa consists of parasitic organisms that have adult forms with no means of motion.
What disease does Plasmodium cause?
Plasmodium causes malaria, which can lead to anemia, kidney failure, and brain damage.
How does Plasmodium infect the body?
When an infected mosquito bites, Plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood and reach the liver, where they multiply and form merozoites which infect red blood cells and release toxins. Some merozoites form gametocytes which the mosquitoes ingest. In the mosquitoes gut sperm and egg form zygote which divide into sporozoites
How is malaria treated?
Malaria is treated with quinine from the cinchona tree.
What is the function of micronucleus and macro nucleus in cillates
The micronucleus controls metabolic and development functions and is essential for asexual reproduction. While the macro nucleus exchanges genetic material during conjugation.
