Second Exam- Questions from the Notes Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is social stratification?
When members of a given society are divided and categorized into groups that are placed in hierarchy
What are the four characteristics of social stratification?
- It is a characteristic of society
- It persists over generations
- Ranking criteria varies with every society
- It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of society
What is social inequality?
Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige
What do the three main theories say about social stratification?
Conflict- economic relationships are the only meaningful ones
Structural functionalism- certain roles are more important to society, so wealth and prestige should be afforded to them as rewards
Symbolic interactionism- through interaction, we make split-second judgements about who people are
What is the poverty line?
Means of labeling people poor
What does the economy deal with?
Deals with not only money but also with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a society
What is the difference between capitalism and socialism?
Capitalism is based on free market while socialism is based on collective ownership
What is race?
Based on real or perceived biological differences
What is ethnicity?
Based on group identifications of shared ancestry or cultural heritage
What are symbolic and situational ethnicity?
Symbolic- act proud on certain occasions that own person wants to be a part of
Situational- it makes sense to embrace race
What are the three main sociological theories say on race?
Structural functionalism- in-group orientation with race and ethnic groups creates social solidarity
Symbolic interactionism- race and ethnicity established through interactions
Conflict- one racial group benefits while others don’t
What is racism?
Set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group over another
What is genocide?
Deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group
What is internal colonialism/segregation?
Exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group’s own borders
What is white privilege?
The idea that whites have benefits over non-whites, and the whites are considered raceless
What is color-blindness?
Deniers- racism does not exist
Do-gooders- claim race has no significance in one’s personal ideology
What is sex?
Distinctions made based on biological factors
What is gender?
Distinctions based on social or cultural differences between males and females
What is gender expression?
Distinctions of physical, behavioral, and personality traits considered normal and acceptable for men and women
What do the three main sociological theories say on gender?
Structural functionalism- suggests certain roles are better suited for males or females; divisions and differences lead to stability
Conflict- society has historically favored men
Symbolic interactionism- gender indentifications arise through everyday interactions
What is patriarchy?
Male domination over women in society
What is the idea of a spectrum?
Gender identifications are points on a spectrum, not halves
What are intersex individuals?
People who have a combination of biological sex characteristics
What are transgender individuals?
People whose self-chosen gender identification differs from biological sex
