SECOND FORM GEOGRAPHY ( Coast management ) Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the threats facing coastlines
Erosion, sea level rise and landslides
What is hard engineering
Hard engineering is man made structures to control nature
What is soft engineering
Soft engineering is helping the natural process to manage nature
Hard or soft engineering : Sea wall
Hard
Hard or soft engineering : Gabions
Hard
Hard or soft engineering : Dune fencing
Soft
Hard or soft engineering : Dune regeneration
Soft
Hard or soft engineering : Beach nourshment
Soft
Hard or soft engineering : Groyne
Hard
Hard or soft engineering : Rock armour
Hard
Sea wall
Concrete or rock barrier used against the sea, placed at the foot of a cliff. Has a curved face to reflect the waves back into the sea
Rock armour
Piles of large boulders dumped at the foot of a cliff, the rocks force waves to break, absorbing their energy and protecting the coast
Groyne
Timber or rock structures built out to sea from the coast. They trap sediment being moved by longshore drift and enlarge the beach. Widening a beach acts as a buffer to reduce wave damage.
Gabions
Wire cages filled with rocks that can be built to support a cliff or provide a buffer against the sea.
Beach nourishment
The addition of sand or shingle to an existing beach to make it higher or wider, The sediment is usually obtained offshore locally so that it blends in with the existing beach material
Dune regeneration
Sand dunes are effective buffers to the sea but are easily damaged and destroyed by trampling. Marram grass can be planted to stabilise dunes and help them to develop. Fences can be used to keep people off newly planted areas.
Dune fencing
Fences are constructed on a sandy beach along the seaward face of existing dunes to encourage new dune formation. These new dunes help to protect existing dunes.
What is managed retreat
A deliberate policy of allowing the sea to flood or erode an area of relatively low value land.
