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prado large rumi > SECOND PRIORITY DISEASES > Flashcards

SECOND PRIORITY DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

SECOND PRIORITY DISEASES

A

communicable diseases which are considered to be socio-economic and or public health importance and which are significant in the international trade of animals and animal products, animal feeds vet drugs and products

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2
Q

Amendment to DA-BAI

A

DA-BAI AO No 12 s. 1992

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3
Q

Aka Clostridial myositis

A

BLACKLEG

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4
Q

BLACKLEG is Necrotizing myositis in ___ to __ animals

A

2 month to
2 year old

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5
Q

what is the manifestation of blackleg?

A

Hind quarter lesions: Black
Quarter disease

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6
Q

blackleg

A
  • Acute febrile disease of cattle and sheep
  • Present world wide
  • Targets healthy heavily muscled animals
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7
Q

what is the Etiologic agent of True blackleg

A

Clostridium chauvoei (gram -, spore forming)

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8
Q

what is the Etiologic agent of false blackleg or malignant edema (secondary)

A

C. septicum and C. novyi (gram -, spore forming)

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9
Q

more accurate term for false black leg?

A

malignant edema

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10
Q

mode of transmission

A

soil-borne infection and spreads thru feces

flooding
excavation of soil
Carcasses of infected animals
open woumd

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11
Q

clinical signs of blackleg

A

butyric odor is quite characteristic
Fever
● Swelling and pain
● Acute lameness
● Edema and crepitation of affected muscles
● Death 12-48 hours

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12
Q

what dz with CS: butyric odor is quite characteristic
Fever
● Swelling and pain
● Acute lameness
● Edema and crepitation of affected muscles ● Death 12-48 hours

A

blackleg

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13
Q

blackleg may occur to what species and how?

A

Sheep (trauma, birthing, vaccines, wound)

Cattle (Usually endogenous infection, no wounds or trauma but can also have wound infections, high temp and pr)

Buffaloes (Crepitus in affected muscle (swelling)
- Gas within the muscles)

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14
Q

diagnosis of blackleg?

A

Bacteriology , Histology, Necropsy & Cs
fluorescent antibody test (FAT ata ung fast anf reliable)

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15
Q

tx: first choice of antibiotics?

A

Penicillin (Usually unsuccessful)

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16
Q

surgical debridement of blackleg

A

fasciotomy

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17
Q

prevention of blackleg

A

Proper disposal of carcasses (deep burial
or burning of the carcass)
- Disinfection
- Vaccination (polyvalent bacterin)

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18
Q

vaxx for blackleg?

A

polyvalent bacterin

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19
Q

Primary source of reinfection of a herd with blackleg is?

A

Animals dying of blackleg

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20
Q

spp causing bovine anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma marginale

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21
Q

used inn vax prep for bovine anaplasmosis

A

A. centrale

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22
Q

Obligate intraerythrocytic parasite

A

Anaplasma spp.

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23
Q

BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS endemic in what areas

A

tropical and subtropical areas

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24
Q

transmission of bovine anaplasmosis

A

Blood-transmitted (always the source of infection)
Reproduction within the tick vectors
Rhipicephalus / Boophilus microplus
Transplacental
Biting flies (tabanids)
Blood-contaminated fomites (use of contaminated needles, blood transfusion)

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25
Q

biological vectors of bovine anaplasmosis

A

tick (Rhipicephalus / Boophilus microplus)

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26
Q

diff ng bos taurus indicus vs Bos taurus taurus

A

Bos taurus indicus (tropical)
Bos taurus taurus (temperate) = no humps

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27
Q

breed of cattle more resistant to ticks

A

indicus

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28
Q

Susceptibility to_________: Breeds with black or red coat vs. white coat

A

Tabanid (biting flies):

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29
Q

breed with red coat and Inherent resistance to ticks and even in flies

A

Afrikaner

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30
Q

bovine anaplasmosis age susceptibility?

A

(old»>young) mas suscep ang old

kasi Young develops immunity (if enzootic only kaso RARE ang enzootic)

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31
Q

Anemia
Fever
Jaundice
Due to accumulation of bilirubin resulting to yellowish coloration
Emaciation
Impaired infertility

what dz

A

bovine anaplasmosis

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32
Q

unconju cannot be excreted from the body (not soluble)

t or f

A

t

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33
Q

Needs to be conjugated wth _______in the liver

A

glucoronic acid

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34
Q

bilirubin Excreted via feces or kidneys called:

A

urobilirubin

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35
Q

Due to accumulation of bilirubin resulting to yellowish coloration

A

jaundice

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36
Q

Which disease does not cause affected cattle (hematuria, hemoglobinuria)

A

anaplasmosis

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37
Q

Used to detect small amounts of Anaplasma

A

Nucleic probe analysis

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38
Q

standard of clinincal patho of anaplasmosis

A

Serology

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39
Q

tx for anaplasmosis

A

Oxytet
Imidocarb
Estradiol cypionate
Blood transfusions (PCV >15%)
Good prognosis if PCV is still stable/high

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40
Q

for intracellular dz
target 30S subunit of organism

A

oxytet

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41
Q

if Rbc already degraded what happens

A

No hemoglobinuria

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42
Q

Also known as Redwater fever or Cattle tick fever

A

BOVINE BABESIOSIS

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43
Q

Inc breakdown of rbc before it is degraded by the spleen

A

red water or hemoglobinuria

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44
Q

Caused by _________
Transmitted by __________

A

Babesia spp.
ticks (Rhipicephalus / Boophilus microplus)

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45
Q

State wherein clinical dx occurs rarely or not at all

A

Endemic Stability

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46
Q

dz na possible ang Natural vaccination

A

bovine babesiosis

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47
Q

Umbrella term for anaplasmosis and babesiosis

A

Cattle tick fever:

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48
Q

Most common: b. Bigemina and b. Bovis
Most impt species sa_______
Major, divergens -____
More impt ay __________ Causes neurologic

A

tropical
temperate
bovis

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49
Q

spp prevalent also
babesia

A

Theileria orientalis

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50
Q

tx for babesiosis

A

Tx drug: Diminazene, imidocarb,

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51
Q

Test and slaughter

A

Bovine Tuberculosis

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52
Q

tx for tb

A

isoniazid

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53
Q

Chronic contagious disease Produces primary caseous nodules

A

TUBERCULOSIS

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54
Q

Lungs
- Pulmonary LN
- Develop in close, crowded and unsanitary
confinement
- Zoonotic

A

tb (M. tuberculosis)

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55
Q

Reverse zoonotic possible in TB t or f

A

t

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56
Q

cats and dogs are other sources of infection in tb t or f

A

t

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57
Q

in TB, Organism is excreted in:

A

Exhaled air
Sputum
Feces
Milk

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58
Q

1 causative agent and cause is the consumption or

ingestion of raw milk (humans)

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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59
Q

via what ang tb sa aninmals?

A

inhalation

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60
Q

capricious appetitie
fluctuatuing temp
sluggish
abortion
orchiitis
mastiitis

A

tb

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61
Q

transmissionn ng tb

A

Inhalation
Direct contact
Ingestion: Contaminated feces in feed

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62
Q

Mode of entry ng tb

A
  • GIT
  • Skin
  • Respiratory tract - #1 cause of mortality in animals
  • Uterine vein in fetuses
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63
Q

Sources of infection

A

Contaminated milk
- Pasteurization temp kill tubercle bacilli
- Humans: ingestion of raw milk 1# cause of
mortality
* Contaminated feed and water * Sputum
* Saliva
* Urine
- Zoonotic; can also be reverse zoonosis (humans → cattle)
- Farm staff exposed may become infected * Feces
* Other animals (dog, cat)`

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64
Q

what dz

Production of pus and cheesy exudate occur (calcify)
↓
Encapsulation of lesions (granulation tissue and fibrous capsule)
↓

A

tb

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65
Q

Necropsy findings color carcass and intestinnes

A

Cattle - yellow
- Buffalo - white
- Others - grey

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66
Q

diagnosis of tb ?

A

Single intradermal test (SID)
comparative intradermal test
Isolation of organism
Ziehl - Neelsen technique
- Tuberculin skin testing
- PCR

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67
Q

saan may PPD and meaning

A

sa SID, purified protein derivative

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68
Q

type __ or delayed type
hypersensitivity

A

IV

69
Q

Max sensitivity is observed in the
___; specificity: _______

A

neck, tail

69
Q
  • Disad: cannot identify the
    causative agent (lack of specificity) in what diagnostic procedure?
A

SID

70
Q

ano inniinject sa SID

A

tuberculinn

71
Q

injection of tuberculin, what diagnostic test

A

SID

72
Q

comparative intradermal test
- Inject both ____________ simultaneously
- 72 hrs reax

A

avian and bovine tuberculin

73
Q

when incidence is high and test and slaughter programs are impossible; vaccine ___________-

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccine:

74
Q

An obligate parasite and each species has a preferred natural host

A

brucellosis

75
Q

Undulant fever, Mediterranean fever, Abortus fever, Contagious abortion, Bang’s disease

A

brucellosis

76
Q

Acute or chronic contagious disease -Characterized by septicemia followed by localization of infection in the lymph node and genital organ

A

BRUCELLOSIS

77
Q

-Brucella abortus
○ Bang’s dz
○ All ages
○ Last 3 mos of pregnancy in mature
cattle
○ May affect sheep and goats, dogs
■ Not reservoir
○ Most impt in beef cattle production
(calves)
○ Decreased milk production in dairy

(what breed)

A

cattle

78
Q

-B. Melitensis (what breed)
may also be harbored by sheep t or f

A

goat
t

79
Q

B. Ovis (breed)
not zoonotic t or f
found inn ________

A

t
placenta

80
Q

principle manifestation of brucellosis

A

Reproductive failure in males and females:

81
Q

Transmission of brucellosis

A

Horizontal
- Ingestion
- intact skin penetration
- conjunctiva
- udder contamination via milking

  • coitus / AI - Vertical
82
Q
  • substance normally produced by the fetus
  • stimulates growth of Brucella sp.
  • inversely proportional to stage of
    pregnancy at time of ingestion
A

Erythritol

83
Q

-Retained placenta
Hygromas on the knees , stifles, hock etc
-Infertility
-Bull: Orchitis & sterility
-Decreased milk production
Abortion after 5 months
-Metritis

A

brucellosis

84
Q

-presence of leathery plaques on the chorion’s external surface
-necrosis of the cotyledons
-edematous placenta

A

brucellosis

85
Q

diagnosis

A

SAT
CFT
IT
EI
TAT

  • Examination of placenta
  • Bacterial isolation
  • Serum agglutination test
  • Complement fixation test
  • Intradermal test
  • Enzyme immunoassay
  • Tube agglutination test
86
Q

control oof brucellosis?

A

Vaccination (young and old)
Slaughter of infected and exposed animals

87
Q

diff diagnosis ngn brucellosis

A

-Trichomoniasis ● -Listeriosis
● -Leptospirosis ● -Mycoses
● -Nutritional problem

88
Q

innPrevention and Control
● Locate the infection via ________-

A

– repeated serological
testing

89
Q

**Vaccination program that target cattle against B. abortus have proved effective but trying to control B. melitensis in sheep and goats is much more difficult

A

t

90
Q

Bang’s dz
- Organism has greatest numbers in the
pregnant _________

A

pregnant uterus, the fetus, and the feral
membranes

91
Q

if nnon pregnannt, san may org sa bang dz

A

Non pregnant: udder or mammary gland -
source of infection

92
Q

transmission ng brucellosis

A

ingestioon, penetration s kin conjunnctiva,

LOW: congenital

93
Q

Semen transmission is Unlikely to transmit
infection brucellosis

mas mataas pa chancne sa AI

A

t

94
Q

protects from viral
pathogens

A

Zona pellucida

95
Q

typical sa humanns na brucellosis

A

undulant fever (unpasteurized milk)

96
Q

brucellosis gram what

A

negative coccobacilli

97
Q

large scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos
test used brucellosis

A

rose bengal test

98
Q

quarantine gn brucellosis/bangz

A

120 days to 1 yr

99
Q

may vax ba ang bangs?
another tx ng banngs

A

yes, Vaccination

test and slaughter - eradication

100
Q

in B. ovis:
Major sheep-producing regions

A

nnew zealand and aus

101
Q

Source of infection bangz sa b. ovis

A

male Infected ram

102
Q

t or f: Sheep/ewe are more resistant to
infection

A

t

103
Q

Transmission between rams how b ovis

A

Passive venereal infection

104
Q

tx ng b. ovis

A

Oxytet
- They can act intracellularly
- Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
- Culling of rams in small commercial flocks
- Scrotal palpation
- Cull those with orchitis

105
Q

vax for b ovis

A
  • B melitensis strain rev 1
106
Q

Goats and sheep are highly susceptible to?
via what?

A

B. MELITENSIS
Via milk and reproductive tract

107
Q

this dz has High risk of bioterrorism/agroterrorism

A

b. melitensis

108
Q

in b. melitensis: Humans: has ________
- First observed in _______ sheep

A

mediterranean fever or malta
maltese

109
Q

-Aka:Liver flukes, Hepatic Fas cioliasis

A

FASCIOLOSIS

110
Q

source of pasture contamination?
t or f: Do not develop immunity in fasciola as remains vulnerable

A

sheep

111
Q

susceptible to fasciolosis

A

Sheep cattle goat

112
Q

infective stage ng fascilosis

if large amount nng meta: ___
if low: ___

A

metacercaria (infective cyst)
acute
chronic

113
Q

spp ng fasciola nna most reported in PH

A

F. gigantica (warmer region)

F. hepatica kasi cooler

114
Q

CS ng fasciolosis t or f:
-Enlarged & painful abdomen
● -Anemia
● -Death

asymp sa cattle but Acute, subacute, chronic form in sheep

A

T

115
Q

fasciola necropsy what is seen

A

hemorrhage

116
Q

what form:

Liver is enlarged & friable with migratory tracts on the surface
Mechanical damage

A

acute

117
Q

what form:

Cholangitis
○ Biliary obstruction
○ Fibrosis (if chronic, there is
fibrosis)
○ Lekage of plasma proteins
○ anemia
○ Blood loss → emaciated, wool
panget, reduced feed intake
○ anemia
Cirrhosis
● Bile ducts
● -enlarged, cystic, & have thickened,
● fibrosed walls (in cattle: thickened &
Warmer region
most reported in PH
- Pallor
calcified)

A

chronic

118
Q

inn fasciolosis: favorable to activation of clostridial spores

A

-Tissue destruction from migration

119
Q

what form:

  • sudden death
  • Dullness
  • Weaknes
  • Pallor and edema of mucosae. and
    conjunctiva
  • Pain area on liver - Death
A

acute fascio

120
Q

what form:

Intermediate form described in sheep - Wt loss
- Pallor of mucous membranes
- Submandibular edema start to churva
(pero commonly sa chronic)

A

Subacute fascio

121
Q

what form:

Intermediate form described in sheep - Wt loss
- Pallor of mucous membranes
- Submandibular edema start to churva
(pero commonly sa chronic)

A

Subacute fascio

122
Q

what form:

Wool shedding
Edema
Pallor

A

chronic fascio

123
Q

diagnosis of fascio egg charac?

A

egg: (oval, operculated, golden brown)

124
Q

Normochromic anemia is a sign of ____ fascio
hypochromic anemia is a sign of ____

A

acute
Subacute and chronic

125
Q

t or f: Fecalysis not recommended in acute
t or f: cholestasis ay acute

A

t: - flukes are still juvenile - no eggs
t

126
Q

in subacute and chronic, fecalysis is done t or f?
what form and where makikita

A

yes, sedimentation
bottom: brown pigmentation (stainninng of bile)

127
Q

what is seen in necropsy for fasciolosis

A

adult in bile ducts

128
Q

fasciolosis should be differentiated with _____________ which is caused by___________

A

Black disease/C. novyi

129
Q

Spores cause fasciola in liver parenchyma
- Causes generalized toxemia and
hemolysis of blood

A

black dz/C. novyi

130
Q

tx for fasciolosis

A

Triclabendazole - all fluke stages
Albendazole - ovicidal only
- Active form of pro drug
–> netodimine is metabolized to albendazole

131
Q

Aka: Weil’s disease, Enzootic jaundice, Red water

A

LEPTOSPIROSIS

132
Q

CS ng lepto sa cattle

eh sa most species?

A

Cattle: interstitial nephritis
- most species: Anemia, mastitis and abortion

133
Q

Most common serovars ng lepto
occurs during?

A

Icterohaemorrhagiae ○ Pomona
○ canicola
○ grippotyphosa

rainy

134
Q

transmission ng lepto

route ng lepto

source

A

Mucosal surface
Conjunctiva
Skin

Ingestion
Venereal
Inhalation
Skin

milk
urinne
aborted fetus
uterine discharge
contaminated soild warer feeds

135
Q

kaninoong dz may gannto cs

A

-Fever
● -Depression
● -Hemoglobinuria
● -Icterus/jaundice
● -Abortion/stillbirth
● -Infertility
● -Milk drop syndrome
● -Leptospiruria
● -Dyspnea
● -Anemia
● -High mortality in lambs
● -Inappetence
● -Some animals show signs of meningitis

136
Q

kaninnong dz may gantong necropsy

-Anemia and jaundice
● -Subserosal and submucosal
hemorrhages
● -Rarely pulmonary edema or emphysema
● Interstitial nephritis

A

lepto

137
Q

(golden
standard) for lepto

A

-Microscopic agglutination test

138
Q

t or f:

Vaccination is effective in the treatment
of the disease

A

f: inn prevention lanng

139
Q

tx and control

A

-Broad spectrum antibiotic
● -Supportive treatment
● -Vaccination is effective in the prevention
of the disease
● -Sanitary feeding and watering practices
● -Disinfection of contaminated area
● -Rodent control

140
Q

Aka: Surra (T. evansi)

A

TRYPANOSOMIASIS

141
Q

T. congolense – attach to ______
T. brucei and T. vivax - invade ______

A

endothelial cells
tissues and cause damage

142
Q

lead to pronounced -immunosuppression ● -Intermittent fever
● -Anemia
● -Weight loss
● -Necropsy findings vary and are not
specific

A

TRYPANOSOMIASIS

143
Q

what form of trypanosomiasis

● o Intermittent fever
● o Lymphadenopathy
● o Petechial hemorrhages ● o Death
● o Abortion, stillbirth

A

Acute

144
Q

what form of trypanosomiasis

o Anemia
● o Emaciation
● o Edema (scrotum, abdomen, ● breast)
● o Jaundice

A

chronic

145
Q

Diagnosis of tryp

A

demonstrating trypanosomes in stained
blood smears or wet mounts

146
Q

tx for tryp

A

-Diminazene aceturate
● -Avoid in lactating animals
● -3.5mg/kg BW, IM, one time
● -3 days withdrawal period

● -Homidium bromide (1mg/kg)
● -Isometamidium chloride (0.25 to 1mg/kg,
IM)

● -Suramin (10mg/kg, IM)
● -Control flies
● -Prophylactic drug treatment
● -Test and slaughter

147
Q

causative agennt of lepto

A

Leptospira interrogans

148
Q

t or f: Not all serovars of Leptospira are pathogenic,

many serovars are highly prevalent within maintenance host populations and persist in the ____ annd ____

A

t
kidneys and genital tract

149
Q

leptospira fails to persist
pasteurization and moist heat at ___ kills leptos
prefers what ph
___________ inactivate leptospires
prefers what condition

A

at <10C or >34°C:
121°C/15 minutes
neutral to slightly alkaline conditions
freezing, dehydration, and UV radiation i
warm, moist conditions greatly enhance survival

150
Q

Maintenance hosts typically do not develop significant clinical disease.
t or f

A

t

151
Q

The liver is often friable and discolored in
a lobular pattern. what dz

A

lepto

152
Q

vector ng surra
main host ng surra
caused by _____

A

tabanids and Stomoxys
Caused by Trypanosoma evansi
Cattle and horses are main host

153
Q
  • Buffy coat
  • ELISA
  • Mice inoculation

what dz

A

surra

154
Q

caused by retroviruses, subfamily Lentivirinae

A

Caprine arthritis /encephalities

155
Q

Alteration of genomes leads to persistent infxn (antigenic drift)
Capable of mutations
Lesions are lymphoproliferative

A

Caprine arthritis /encephalities

156
Q

breed factor ng cae
age
transmission

A

all breeds
increasing in age

  • Colostrum and milk
  • Perinatal transmission
  • Contact transmission (oral)
157
Q
  • Posterior paresis (unilateral or
    bilateral)
  • Ataxia
  • Short and choppy gait
  • Weakness
  • Recumbency
  • Lack of propriocepption
  • Head tilt
  • Torticolitis
  • Circling

what dz

A

cae

158
Q

diagnosis ng cae at posiitive resultn on?

A

Agar gel immunodfiffusiontest (AGID)
Positive: formaxn of precipitate or
thin white line beteeen antigen and
antibody

ELISA

159
Q

ano ang required test sa Guidlines on local tranposrt or shipment byproducts

A
  • CAEN - required test
160
Q

t or f: no tx for caen

A

t

161
Q

genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae

A

BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA

162
Q

what is the main presentatioin of BVD

A

Main : immunosuppression and NOT DIARRHEA

163
Q

what form:
Fever
- Inappetence
- Diarrhea
- death

A

acute

164
Q

what form:

Lameness
- Intermittent diarrhea
- Gradual wasting

A

chroniic

165
Q

Ulcerations in GIT, larynx
- Hemorrhages in pericardium
- Cranium nasale
- Inflammation in jejunum

what dz gantong cs

A

BVD

166
Q

_________ is a mucosal dz

A

bvd

167
Q

90% are made this way inn BVD

A

buntis na tapos nainfect lang. 1-4 months pregnancy → infected from cows or bulls → crosses placenta

168
Q

gold standard ng BVD

A

Virus isolation

prado large rumi (4 decks)

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