Second test

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

the process of receiving, translating and transmitting raw sensory data from the external and internal environments to the brain

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data into useful mental representation of the world

Question 3

What is processing?

Answer 3

each sensory organ contains receptors, which receive sensory information from the environment

Question 4

What is transduction?

Answer 4

through these receptors convert the sensory stimuli into neutral impulses, which are sent on to the brain

Question 5

What is thresholding?

Answer 5

testing the limits and changes

Question 6

What’s the absolute threshold?

Answer 6

smallest amount of a stimulus we can detect

Question 7

What’s the difference threshold?

Answer 7

smallest change in a stimulus we can detect

Question 8

What’s sensory adaption?

Answer 8

decreased sensory response to continuous stimulation

Question 9

What is light?

Answer 9

form of electromagnetic energy that moves in waves

Question 10

Light waves vary in:

Answer 10

• Length (wave length) -> determines frequency (colour)
• Height (amplitude) -> determines intensity
• Range (length + height) -> determines complexity

Question 11

What’s the function of the eye?

Answer 11

captures light and focuses it on receptors at the back of the eyeball

Question 12

What are the five senses?

Answer 12

• Vision
• Hearing
• Smell
• Taste
• Touch

Question 13

What are the receptors for vision?

Answer 13

rods and cones in the retina

Question 14

What is sound?

Answer 14

Sound results from movement of air molecules in a particular wave pattern

Question 15

Sound waves vary in:

Answer 15

• length (wave length) -> determines pitch
• height (amplitude) -> determines loudness
• range (mixture) -> determines timbre

Question 16

What are the receptors for hearing?

Answer 16

hair cells in the cochlea

Question 17

What’s the proper name for the sense of smell?

Answer 17

olfaction

Question 18

What are the receptors for smell?

Answer 18

embedded in a nasal membrane called olfactory epithelium

Question 19

what are characteristics of smell?

Answer 19

• Can detect more than 10 000 different smells
• Women generally possess a stronger sense of smell than men
• People seem to have the ability to identify gender by smell
• Smell can evoke memories

Question 20

What’s the proper name for the sense of taste?

Answer 20

gustation

Question 21

What are the receptors for taste?

Answer 21

taste buds in papillae on the surface of the tongue

Question 22

What are the three body senses?

Answer 22

• Skin senses
• Vestibular sense
• Kinesthesia

Question 23

What are the skin senses?

Answer 23

• where you feel touch, temperature and pain

- receptors are in various concentrations and depths of the skin

Question 24

What’s the vestibular sense?

Answer 24

• sense of balance

- involves vestibular sacs and semicircular canals located in the inner ear

Question 25

What's kinaesthesia?

Answer 25

- provides brain with info about the body posture and body movement - found throughout the muscles, joints and tendons of the body

Question 26

What interprets stimuli?

Answer 26

perception

Question 27

What detects stimuli?

Answer 27

sensation

Question 28

What are the three basic processes of perception?

Answer 28

- selection - organization - interpretation

Question 29

What are the three different types of selection?

Answer 29

- Selective attention - Feature detectors - Habituation

Question 30

What's selective attention?

Answer 30

filtering out and attending only to important sensory messages

Question 31

What are feature detectors?

Answer 31

specialized neutrons responding only to certain sensory information

Question 32

What is habituation?

Answer 32

the brain's tendency to ignore environmental factors that remain constant

Question 33

What are the different types of organizing?

Answer 33

- Form perception - Perceptual constancy - Depth perception - Color perception

Question 34

What's perceptual adaption?

Answer 34

the brain adapts to changed environments

Question 35

What's perceptual set?

Answer 35

readiness to perceive in a particular manner, based on expectations

Question 36

What's frame of reference?

Answer 36

based on the context of the situation

Question 37

What's bottom-up/top-down processing?

Answer 37

information either starts with raw sensory data or with thoughts, expectations and knowledge

Question 38

What's extrasensory perception?

Answer 38

the supposed ability to perceive things that go beyond the five normal senses

Question 39

What's the opponent-process theory?

Answer 39

colour perception results from three systems of colour opposites

Question 40

What's the trichromatic theory?

Answer 40

colour perception results from mixing three distinct colour systems

Question 41

What's the different components of the gestalt theory?

Answer 41

- Figure - Ground - Closure - Similarity

Question 42

What are the different monocular cues?

Answer 42

- Linear perspective - Interposition - Relative size - Texture gradient - Aerial perspective

Question 43

What's the acronym for the five factor model?

Answer 43

Openness -> original and imaginative to conventional and down to earth Conscientiousness -> responsible and organized to irresponsible and lazy Extroversion -> talkative and outgoing to quiet and passive Agreeableness -> trusting and good-natured to suspicious and ruthless Neuroticism -> worried and moody to calm and even-tempered

Question 44

What are the psychosexual stages of development

Answer 44

- Oral stage: birth to 18 months - Anal stage: 18 months to 3yrs - Phallic stage: 3 to 6yrs - Latency stage: 6yrs to puberty - Genital stage: puberty to adulthood