Section 1 Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
What conflict do most historians agree was the primary cause of the American Revolution?
A
Seven Years’ War
2
Q
What five social groups existed in Native American society?
A
clan, tribe, village, chiefdom, confederacy
3
Q
What disease devastated Native populations?
A
smallpox
4
Q
How high do some estimates place Native American population loss?
A
90%
5
Q
What people did settlers in Jamestown and Plymouth likely encounter?
A
Algonquian
6
Q
What Algonquian tribe was near Jamestown?
A
Powhatan
7
Q
What two Algonquian tribes were near Plymouth?
A
Pequots and Narragansett
8
Q
Near what three bodies of water did some Algonquian peoples live?
A
Atlantic Coast, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes
9
Q
What were the three sisters?
A
Corn, beans, squash
10
Q
Who organized a confederacy to resist westward expansion?
A
Powhatan
11
Q
Who led the Wampanoags in King Phillip’s War?
A
Metacomet
12
Q
Where was King Phillip’s War fought?
A
New England
13
Q
Who fought the Puritans in King Phillip’s War?
A
Wampanoags
14
Q
How many nations were a part of the Iroquois confederacy?
A
five
15
Q
When was the Iroquois confederacy likely formed?
A
late fifteenth centery
16
Q
What are the five nations of the Iroquois confederacy?
A
Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca
17
Q
What two neighboring groups did the Iroquois Confederacy have conflicts with?
A
Huron and Algonquian
18
Q
What people joined the Iroquois confederacy in 1722?
A
Tuscarora
19
Q
What did the Iroquois Confederacy become known as in 1722?
A
Six Nations
20
Q
What area was the Iroquois confederacy located in?
A
Great Lakes region
21
Q
What two advantages did the Iroquois Confederacy’s location give them?
A
Time to observe Europeans; position between French, English, and Dutch claims
22
Q
What area did New France claim?
A
Great Lakes to Ohio River Valley
23
Q
What colony was Maine a part of?
A
Massachusetts
24
Q
When did the Seven Years’ War begin?
A
1756
25
What was the British colonial population in 1756?
2 million
26
What was the French colonial population in 1756?
65,000
27
What religion was the population of New France?
Catholic
28
What five practical European-origin items did Natives incorporate into their customs?
woven cloth, metal kettles, iron axes, fishhooks, guns
29
What two items did Native Americans desire for religious ceremonies?
glass beads and copper ornaments
30
What two purposes drove French interaction with Native Americans?
fur trade and conversion
31
Who wrote The Jesuit Relations?
Father Paul Le Jeune
32
How long did Father Paul Le Jeune spend in New France?
17 years
33
Between what years was the Jesuit Relations published?
1632-1673
34
What alternative purpose did The Jesuit Relations have?
marketing tool
35
What did Le Jeune say about souls?
They "are all made from the same stock"
36
What four things did Le Jeune admire about the Native people?
physical strength, intelligence, contentment, diplomacy
37
What four things did Le Jeune criticize Native people for?
being arrogant, proud, vindictive, and lacking in compassion
38
What was the primary interest of the English with Native Americans?
displacing them from their land
39
What did the English not often do with the Natives?
marry or proselytize
40
Who said, "What then is the American, this new man?"
Crevecoeur
41
What portion of the colonial population did English citizens compose in the 1770s?
less than 2/3
42
1/5 of the colonial population in. the 1770s was ___
enslaved
43
What other two groups besides English were common in the colonies?
German and Scots-Irish
44
What two things are described in the guide as being part of British identity?
wearing clothes of imported cloth and drinking tea
45
What two wars occurred in the years before the American Revolution?
Seven Years' War and Ponticac's War
46
What caused the Seven Years' War?
territorial disputes in North America
47
What group formed the Ohio company in 1749?
Virginia
48
How many acres did the Ohio Company obtain in 1749?
200,000
49
What was the Ohio Company primarily interested in?
Fur Trade
50
Along what river did the French build a chain of forts in the 1750s?
Allegheny
51
When was the Albany Congress?
June 19-July 11, 1754
52
How many British colonies were represented at the Albany Congress?
7
53
What seven colonies were represented at the Albany Congress?
Connecticut, massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland
54
What two things did the Albany Congress discuss?
treaty with the Iroquois confederacy and defense measures against French Canada
55
What two other meetings did the Albany Congress serve as a model for?
Stamp Act Congress of 1765 and First Continental Congress in 1754
56
Who wrote the Albany Plan?
Benjamin Franklin
57
What did the Albany Plan suggest?
unified colonial government
58
What is it theorized that the Albany Plan was based on?
Iroquois Confederacy
59
How many delegates would each colony send based on the Albany Plan?
Two to seven
60
Who was the governor of Virginia in 1753?
Robert Dinwiddie
61
What is notable about Robert Dinwiddie?
He was an investor in the Ohio Company and setn George Washington to demand French withdrawal from the frontier forts
62
What was the result of Washington's first confrontation with the French?
refused to withdraw from their forts
63
On what day did Washington attack a scouting party?
May 27, 1754
64
What was the skirmish between Washington and the French on May 27 called?
Battle of Jumonville Glen
65
What were initial British losses at the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
ten killed, 21 prisoners
66
What was the ultimate result of the Battle of Jumonville GLen?
Washington and men disarmed at Fort Necessity
67
What event led Britain to declare war on France?
Battle of Jumonville Glen
68
What six areas are involved in. the Seven Years' War?
North America, Caribbean, Europe, South America, Indian subcontinent, Pacific Ocean
69
Who did Great Britain ally with for the war in Europe?
Germany
70
How did the first four years of the Seven Years' War go for the British?
poorly
71
At what two locations did the British suffer decisive defeats in the Seven Years' War?
Forts Oswego and William Henry
72
What group were the primary allies of the French?
Algonquian
73
What city did the French draw extremely close to?
Philadelphia
74
In what year did the turning point for the British come?
1758
75
What was the cause of the turning point for the British in the War?
British PM William Pitt assumes wartime operations
76
What important French Stronghold did the British take in 1758?
Louisbourg, French Canada
77
why was Louisbourg important?
it was at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River
78
What two French strongholds also fell to the british? (besides Louisbourg)
Montreal and Fort Niagara
79
What two victors divided France's colonial holdings in the Treaty of Paris?
Great Britain and Spain
80
When did the Seven Years' War officially end?
1763
81
What did the French keep following the war?
Caribbean islands
82
Near what Fort was Chief Pontiac?
Fort Pontiac
83
What was the area near Fort Detroit called?
Ohio Country
84
What five tribes created an alliance under Chief Pontiac?
Shawnee, Wyandot, Seneca, Cayuga, Delaware
85
What tribe was Pontiac a part of?
Ottawa
86
By the fall of 1763, how many people had Pontiac's forces killed or captured?
600
87
When did Pontiac formally surrender?
1766
88
When did Pontiac's War essentially end?
1764
89
What area was barred from settlement by colonists by the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
west of Appalachians
90
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 instruct people already living west of the Appalachian mountains to do?
Move East
91
How many British troops landed in Boston in 1768?
4,000
92
How many civilians lived in Boston in 1768?
16,000
93
Where were many of the best-remembered patriots from?
Massachusetts
94
What was James Otis's occupation?
lawyer
95
What widely distributed pamphlet did James Otis write?
The Rights of the British Colonists Asserted and Defended
96
What was John Adam's occupation?
Lawyer
97
What four accomplishments of John Adams are listed?
Delegate in Continental Congress, ambassador during Revolutionary War, first Vice President, and second President
98
Where did John and Samuel adams both attend school?
Harvard
99
What was Paul Revere's occupation?
silversmith
100
In what way did Paul Revere uniquely contribute to Patriot efforts?
illustration
101
When was the Stamp Act passed?
1765
102
In what currency type was the Stamp tax to be paid?
British
103
Who was Prime Minister when the Stamp Act was passed?
George Grenville
104
When were the Sugar Act and Currency Act passed?
1764
105
What nine colonies were part of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina
106
Who prevented Virginia from sending delegates to the Stamp Act Congress?
Lieutenant Governor Francis Fauquier
107
Who issued the Stamp Act Resolves?
Virginia
108
What was the result of the Stamp Act Congress?
A set of resolutions sent to King George III and Parliament
109
Who did the Stamp Act Resolves and Congress say could tax the colonists?
Colonial Legislatures
110
When was the Stamp Act repealled?
February 1766
111
Where was the stamped paper often required by the Stamp Act made?
London
112
Who argued a theory of virtual representation?
George Grenville
113
Who did Grenville say represented the colonists in Parliament?
members of the House of Commons
114
Who described virtual representation as "the most contemptible idea that ever entered the head of a man"?
William Pitt
115
What did Daniel Dulany Jr.'s 1765 pamphlet argue against?
virtual representation
116
Where was Daniel Dulany Jr.'s 1765 pamphlet published?
Annapolis
117
What did Parliament pass immediately following the Stamp Act?
Declaratory Act
118
What did the Declaratory Act assert Parliament's right to do?
bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever
119
In what two years were the Townshend Acts passed?
1767 and 1768
120
What was Townshend's title?
Chancellor of the Exchequer
121
What six items were taxed under the Townshend acts
Glass, paper, paint, oil, lead, tea
122
What was the revenue from Townshend Act taxes supposed to pay?
salaries of governors and judges
123
What group created by Townshend was charged with enforcing tax policy?
American Board of Custom Commissioners
124
On what day was the Boston Non-Importation Agreement enacted?
August 1, 1768
125
What two cities followed the Boston Non-Importation Agreement's precedent?
New York and Philadelphia
126
What was the Sons of Liberty formed in response to?
Stamp Act
127
The Sons of Liberty were infamous for their ____
violence
128
Who created the first committee of correspondence for the revolution?
Samuel Adams
129
How did women contribute in the boycott of British goods?
refusing to serve tea, using homespun cloth
130
How did the Daughters of Liberty support the Patriot cause?
organizing spinning bees
131
When was the Bloody Massacre?
March 5, 1770
132
Where did the Bloody Massacre take place?
Custom House on King Street
133
What newspaper reported on the Bloody Massacre?
Boston Gazette
134
Who was killed in the Bloody Massacre (5)?
Samuel Gray, Crispus Attucks, James Caldwell, Samuel Maerick, Christopher Monk
135
Who was the Massachusetts governor at the time of the Bloody Massacre?
Thomas Hutchinson
136
Who was the British Captain involved in the Bloody massacre?
Thomas Preston
137
Who represented the British Soldiers involved in the Bloody Massacre?
John Adams
138
What were the two soldiers convicted of manslaughter in relation to the Bloody Massacre sentenced to?
branding on the thumb
139
When did American colonists learn of a partial repeal of the Townshend Acts?
April 1770
140
What tax remained after the partial repeal of the Townshend Acts?
tea
141
What was the tax on tea?
three-pence
142
When was the Tea Act passed?
1773
143
Where was a ship carrying tea burned?
Annapolis
144
What were Thomas Hutchinson's thoughts towards tea being shipped in to Massachusetts?
wanted it safely delivered
145
How many men were part of the Boston tea party?
30-100
146
When was the Boston Tea Party?
December 16, 1773
147
How many chests of tea (and ships) were involved in the Boston Tea Party?
342 chests, 3 ships
148
What was passed as a direct response to the Boston Tea Party?
Coercive Acts
149
What 1774 act directly affected the Boston harbor?
Port Act
150
What did the Massachusetts government act do?
revoked Massachusetts charter
151
What did the Administration of Justice Act do?
allowed trials for royal officials and British troops to be moved
152
What did the quartering act allow for?
British soldiers to be housed in unoccupied buildings
153
When was the first Continental Congress?
September 5, 1774
154
Where was the first Continental Congress?
Philadelphia's Carpenter's Hall
155
What was created at the first Continental Congress?
Continental
Association
