Section 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are 4 types of adaptive value and state if they are ultimate or proximate.
- Adaptive Value - Ultimate
- Evolutionary History - Ultimate
- Neural-hormonal mechanisms - Proximate
- Genetic-developmental mechanisms – Proximate
What is proximate cause/explanation?
How??
- “Mechanisms” of behavior, such as the effect of hormones, cues, learning, and genes.
1. How genetic-developmental mechanisms influence the assembly of an animal
and its internal components
2. How neural-hormonal mechanisms, which develop within an animal during its
lifetime control what an animal can do behaviorally
What is ultimate cause/explanation?
WHY?
“Functions” of behavior, such as the selective advantages and the phylogeny.
1. The evolutionary history of behavioral trait as affected by descent with modification from ancestral species
The 4 Levels of Analysis:
2. The adaptive value of behavioral trait as affected by the process of evolution by natural selection
What is a hypothesis?
Tele and falsifiable proposed explainations to account for observed patterns or trends
Predictions
Statements about trends, patterns, or differences between groups
Natural selection
Selection arising from variance in other components of fitness - eg environment pressures - food availability
What are the three ways of testing hypothesis and behavioural ecology?
1- comparisons between individuals within a species.
2- experimentation/manipulations
3- comparison among species
What is intrasexual pre-copulatory sexual selection and examples?
Same sex competition (male-male competition):
Territorial
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Fighting
Mate searching
Infanticide
Male-guarding
What is intersexual pre-copulatory selection and examples?
In between sex choice (mainly female mate choice):
Courtship
Nuptial gifts
Female (or male) choice
What is intrasexual post-copulatory selection and examples?
After sex selection:
Sperm competition
plugs
chemicals that keep males away
mate guarding, sexual interference
What is intersexual post-copulatory selection?
Female choice after sex:
Cryptic female (or male) choice
(Female favours certain sperm type, bias termination accordingly)
Over 80 accessory gland proteins have been identified for various functions, what are they?
• incapacitate rival male sperm
• protect a male’s sperm from female reproductive tract
• increase egg-laying rate
• decrease remating
Present a table of sexual conflict and coevolution across both male and female traits. Hint: (6 each)
Male traits: Every Son makes ridiculous competitive advances always. ROSS CD
- Enforce copulation > Resistance
- Structures - mating success structures (intromittant organs) > obstacle. Elaborate reproductive tracts which pose obstacle courses for sperm.
- Mate guarding and frequent copulation, strategic allocation of sperm. > Seek extra-pair copulations
- Remove or displace sperm of rival males > Sperm ejection
- Copulatory plugs and Anti-aphrodisiac to discourage matings with other males > sperm choice
- accessory gland protiens to manipulate female > chemical defence
what are the mechanisms of mate choice?
(Ms FIG)
material benefits
Sensory bias
Fisherman runaway
Indicator mechanisms (good genes)
Genetic compatibility mechanism
