Section 1 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics?

A

How the body affects a specific drug after administration

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2
Q

Pharmacodynamics?

A

What the drug does to the body and how it does it (mechanism of action)

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3
Q

Prophylaxis?

A

Agent given to prevent onset of disease

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4
Q

Drug tolerance?

A

Repeated use of the drug leads to a decrease in drug effect for same dose eg. opioid use

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5
Q

Drug dependence?

A

Enables day to day survival

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6
Q

Tachyphylaxis?

A

Diminished responsiveness following repeat dosing of the same drug concentration

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7
Q

Type A drug reaction:

A

Augmented, dose related

  • Predictable, common
  • Usually mild
  • Exaggerated effect
  • High morbidity, low mortality
  • We understand the mechanism of action of the drug and how it can generate certain effects
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8
Q

Type B drug reaction:

A

Bizzare, non dose related

  • Unpredictable, uncommon
  • Increased severity
  • High morbidity and mortality
Factors for risk include:
Variation in drug chemistry
Receptor abnormalities
Drug metabolism abnormalities
Drug-drug interactions
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9
Q

Type C drug reaction:

A

Chronic, dose related and time related

  • Consequence of long term use
  • Tolerance, physical dependence
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10
Q

Type D drug reaction:

A

Delayed, time related

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11
Q

Type E drug reaction:

A

End of use, withdrawal

- Related to withdrawal of the drug

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12
Q

Type F drug reaction:

A

Failure, unexpected failure of therapy

  • Eg inadequate dose
  • May be lacking enzyme that is needed to convert drugs which can result in failure therapy
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13
Q

Adverse drug events:

A

Injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug
- Occurs while taking the drug but may not be directly due to the drug
Eg. Infusion pump malfunction

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14
Q

Adverse effects:

A

Unwanted effect that results from a pathway other than the molecular target effect and may or may not be dose related (side effects)

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15
Q

Specificity:

A

How successful a drug is in interacting with only one molecular target having only one effect. No drugs currently lay claim to having complete specificity

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16
Q

Selectivity:

A

Drug preferentially binds to one receptor over another

17
Q

Affinity:

A

Strength the reaction between a drug and its molecular target

18
Q

Molecular targets:

A

Transporter proteins
Enzymes
Ion channels
Receptors

19
Q

Agonist:

A

Provides a functional response in the same way as the endogenous agonist
Determined by the role of the receptor

Partial agonist:
Produce less than maximal effect

20
Q

Antagonists:

A

Blockers
Bind but produce no functional response
(No efficacy)

21
Q

Competitive reversible antagonist:

A
  • Compete for binding site

- Effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of the receptor agonist

22
Q

Competitive irreversible antagonist:

A
  • Receptor becomes permanently blocked
23
Q

EC50:

A

Is the drug concentration at which the drug produces 50% of the maximal response

24
Q

Efficacy:

A

The ability of the drug to elicit a response once bound to the receptor

25
Therapeutic index:
An indicator of drug dosing margin of safety = Toxic dose divided by therapeutic dose Low values indicate higher risk for adverse events
26
Ionisation of acids and bases:
- Un-ionised drug forms are lipid soluble meaning that they can diffuse across phospholipid cell membranes - Ionised drug forms are lipid insoluble and do not diffuse readily across phospholipid cell membranes WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS MEAN THEY CANNOT PASS THE MEMBRANE
27
Remains ionised/unionised:
Acid in an acid environment remains unionised Base in a acid environment becomes ionised Base in a basic environment remains unionised Acid in a basic environment becomes ionised
28
Hypertrophy:
Muscles enlarge in response to exercise
29
Atrophy:
Increasing age can cause shrinkage in organs and tissue
30
Metaplasia:
One cell type being changed to another cell type
31
Dysplasia:
Deranged growth
32
Anaplasia:
Backward growth