Section 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Pharmacokinetics?
How the body affects a specific drug after administration
Pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body and how it does it (mechanism of action)
Prophylaxis?
Agent given to prevent onset of disease
Drug tolerance?
Repeated use of the drug leads to a decrease in drug effect for same dose eg. opioid use
Drug dependence?
Enables day to day survival
Tachyphylaxis?
Diminished responsiveness following repeat dosing of the same drug concentration
Type A drug reaction:
Augmented, dose related
- Predictable, common
- Usually mild
- Exaggerated effect
- High morbidity, low mortality
- We understand the mechanism of action of the drug and how it can generate certain effects
Type B drug reaction:
Bizzare, non dose related
- Unpredictable, uncommon
- Increased severity
- High morbidity and mortality
Factors for risk include: Variation in drug chemistry Receptor abnormalities Drug metabolism abnormalities Drug-drug interactions
Type C drug reaction:
Chronic, dose related and time related
- Consequence of long term use
- Tolerance, physical dependence
Type D drug reaction:
Delayed, time related
Type E drug reaction:
End of use, withdrawal
- Related to withdrawal of the drug
Type F drug reaction:
Failure, unexpected failure of therapy
- Eg inadequate dose
- May be lacking enzyme that is needed to convert drugs which can result in failure therapy
Adverse drug events:
Injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug
- Occurs while taking the drug but may not be directly due to the drug
Eg. Infusion pump malfunction
Adverse effects:
Unwanted effect that results from a pathway other than the molecular target effect and may or may not be dose related (side effects)
Specificity:
How successful a drug is in interacting with only one molecular target having only one effect. No drugs currently lay claim to having complete specificity
Selectivity:
Drug preferentially binds to one receptor over another
Affinity:
Strength the reaction between a drug and its molecular target
Molecular targets:
Transporter proteins
Enzymes
Ion channels
Receptors
Agonist:
Provides a functional response in the same way as the endogenous agonist
Determined by the role of the receptor
Partial agonist:
Produce less than maximal effect
Antagonists:
Blockers
Bind but produce no functional response
(No efficacy)
Competitive reversible antagonist:
- Compete for binding site
- Effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of the receptor agonist
Competitive irreversible antagonist:
- Receptor becomes permanently blocked
EC50:
Is the drug concentration at which the drug produces 50% of the maximal response
Efficacy:
The ability of the drug to elicit a response once bound to the receptor
