Section 1. Characteristics And Classification Of Living Organisms Flashcards
Define “respiration”
Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy
Define “movement”
An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change in position or place
Define sensitivity
Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses
Define growth
A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or/an cell size
Define reproduction
The processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Define excretion
Removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirement
Define nutrition
Taking in of nutrient which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them
List the characteristics of living organisms
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
Define binomial system
A system of naming species in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species
Name 5 vertebrates that you have to know
Bony fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals
Characteristics of bony fish
Streamlined Fins for swimming and balance Eyes and lateral line for detecting pressure changes Breath dissolved oxygen using gills Skin is covered with scales Birth method: soft egg
Characteristics of amphibians
Smooth and moist skin
Live on land, return to water to breed
Fertilization and development is external
Birth method: soft egg
Breath using lung on land, breath through skin in water
4 legs
Characteristics of birds
Have feather and wings
Most are able to fly
No teeth but beaks are adapted to deal with different type of food
Fertilization is internal
Development is external - female lay eggs with protected hard shell
Homeothermic
Characteristics of reptiles
Dry, scaly skin Live on land and can live on dry region Fertilization inside the female's body Development is external Use lung to breath Hard eggs with leathery, waterproof shells
Characteristics of mammals
Have hair or fur Development and fertilization is internal Use lung to breath Homeothermic Live on both land and water 4 legs Live birth Feed their young on milk from mammary glands
Define pathogen
Microbes that cause diseases
Characteristics of viruses
Extremely small, not a living organisms and are not cells
Particles made up of a few genetic material (DNA/RNA) surrounded by protein coat
Parasite
Enter the host cell to multiply
Take over the host cell and direct it to make new viruses
Reproduce quickly and do not response to antibiotic
No cell membrane or cytoplasm
Characteristics of bacteria
Covered by cell wall
have cell membrane and cytoplasm
A loop of DNA within the cytoplasm
It is a living microorganism
Feed by secreting enzymes onto their food source
The food is broken down and simple molecules are absorbed
Characteristics of fungi
Most are multicellular
Have nucleus and cell wall (made out of chitin)
Most fungi are saprotroph - feed on dead and decaying matter
But some are parasite
Characteristics of flowering plants
Multicellular
Green because cells contain chloroplast which contain the green pigment, chlorophyll - absorbs light for photosynthesis
Cells are surrounded by cell wall made of cellulose
Xylem vessels- carry mineral salts and water
Phloem tubes- carry sugar water or dissolved food
Two main group - dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous
Characteristics of dicotyledonous
Broad leaves with network of branching veins
Flower parts often in multiple of 4 or 5
2 cotyledons (seed leaves) in a seed
Xylem and phloem in a ring
Characteristics of monocotyledonous
Parallel veins on leaves Long, narrow leaves Parts of flower are in multiples of 3 One cotyledon inside each seed Arrangement of vascular bundles: scattered
Name 4 arthropods that you have to know
Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods
Characteristics of insects
3 body parts- head, thorax and abdomen 3 pairs of leg 1 pair of antennae Eyes made of many tiny individual components Breathe through spiracles Covered by waterproof cuticle
