Section 1 - Key Words

Question 1

Localism

Answer 1

Loyalty to the local community or local area.

Question 2

Autocracy

Answer 2

Having no limits on a ruler’s power

Question 3

Orthodox Church

Answer 3

A type of Christianity of which Moscow is the spiritual capital.

Question 4

Over-Procurator

Answer 4

The highest position in the Orthodox Church.

Question 5

Holy Synod

Answer 5

A group of bishops that form the ruling body in the Orthodox Church.

Question 6

Edict

Answer 6

An official order issued by a person of authority.

Question 7

Bureaucracy

Answer 7

A system where decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.

Question 8

Conscription

Answer 8

Compulsory enlistment of a person into military service.

Question 9

Military colony

Answer 9

Where conscripts lived and trained under strict military discipline

Question 10

Police state

Answer 10

A state in which the activities of the people are closely monitored and controlled for political reason.

Question 11

Cottage industry

Answer 11

Work done in the worker’s own home, typically spinning, weaving and small-scale wood and metal work.

Question 12

Cottage industry

Answer 12

Work done in the worker’s own home, typically spinning, weaving and small-scale wood and metal work.

Question 13

Landowning elite

Answer 13

The minority in Russian society who owned land.

Question 14

Capital accumulation

Answer 14

Building money to invest with in the future.

Question 15

Intelligentsia

Answer 15

The educated proportion of Russian society (often opposed to the state).

Question 16

Urban artisan

Answer 16

A worker who possesses specific skills to make something.

Question 17

Emancipation

Answer 17

Freeing from bondage

Question 18

Enlightened despotism

Answer 18

A system of government in which an all-powerful ruler granted domestic reforms in order to benefit his people.

Question 19

Party of St Petersburg Progress

Answer 19

A loose title given to the more liberal nobles and officials who frequented the salons of the Tsar’s aunt, or gathered around his brother.

Question 20

Redemption payment

Answer 20

Serfs were required to pay money in exchange for their freedom.

Question 21

Kulak

Answer 21

A prosperous landed peasant.

Question 22

Ecclesiastical and military courts

Answer 22

An ecclesiastical court was a Church court where punishments were in the hands of priests; in military courts, army officers awarded the sentences.

Question 23

Civil society and Rule of Law definition?

Answer 23

Key concepts of a democratic society; all members of society enjoy the protection of laws, which are applied equally and fairly, while organisations exist in which the people of the country can express their views and influence decisions.

Question 24

Reaction definition?

Answer 24

Implies actions and policies that are backward looking in an attempt to restore the past.

Question 25

Show trial definition?

Answer 25

A trial that took place in front of the general public for propaganda purposes.

Question 26

Constitution defintion?

Answer 26

Set of rule, by which a country is governed.

Question 27

Particularism definition?

Answer 27

Concern for the immediate locality and an area of personal interest.

Question 28

Russification definition?

Answer 28

Forcing everyone within the Russian Empire to think of themselves as 'Russian', by enforcing the Russian language and culture.

Question 29

Anti-Semitic definition?

Answer 29

Being prejudiced against and persecuting Jews.

Question 30

Chauvinism definition?

Answer 30

Exaggerated belief in national glory and superiority.

Question 31

Pogrom definition?

Answer 31

It originally denoted an assault by one ethnic group on another - but after 1881 it gained connotations of being against Jews.

Question 32

National ideology definition?

Answer 32

A belief in the strength of one's own country, language and traditions.

Question 33

Guerrilla warfare definition?

Answer 33

A form of fighting conducted by groups of soldiers and armed civilians using methods such as ambushes, sabotage and raids.

Question 34

Concession definition?

Answer 34

Granting a request in response to a demand.

Question 35

Heathen definition?

Answer 35

A 'non-believer' used at the time to describe those who weren't members of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Question 36

Polarised definition

Answer 36

opposite 'extremes'

Question 37

Proletariat definition

Answer 37

urban working class

Question 38

Socialist definition

Answer 38

person who believes that society should be egalitarian; int the 19th century this meant taking from the rich to give to the poor - creating a more equal and fair society.

Question 39

Nihilism definition

Answer 39

the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.

Question 40

Anarchism definition

Answer 40

the belief in self-governed institutions - the State is considered to be unnecessary or even harmful.

Question 41

Socialism definition

Answer 41

the political and economic theory that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned by the community as a whole and that people would work cooperatively together.