Section 1 self test

Question 1

The major carbohydrate in human milk

Answer 1

lactose

Question 2

A group of secretory cells

Answer 2

acinus

Question 3

The onset of milk secretion

Answer 3

lactogenesis

Question 4

a thick, straw-coloured fluid, high in protein, that is secreted from the breast before and after birth

Answer 4

Colostrum

Question 5

a small sac in which milk is secreted and stored

Answer 5

Alveolus

Question 6

hormone responsible for the proliferation of the ductal system of the breast during pregnancy

Answer 6

estrogen

Question 7

Gram-positive intestinal flora found in breastfed babies

Answer 7

Lactobacillus bifidus

Question 8

produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates the milk-ejection reflex

Answer 8

oxytocin

Question 9

a protein found in human milk that inhibits the growth of micro-organisms in the intestinal tract

Answer 9

lactoferrin

Question 10

responsible for the milk-ejection reflex

Answer 10

myoepithelial cells

Question 11

transfers milk to the nipple

Answer 11

lactiferous duct

Question 12

stimulates the uptake of glucose into the mammary cells

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

inhibits the production of prolactin

Answer 13

lactogen

Question 14

does not inhibit established lactation

Answer 14

progesterone

Question 15

a lactogenic hormone produced in the posterior pituitary

Answer 15

oxytocin

Question 16

controlled by the hypothalamus and secreted by the anterior pituitary

Answer 16

prolactin

Question 17

used in the production of lactose

Answer 17

glucose

Question 18

a disaccharide found only in milk

Answer 18

lactose

Question 19

involved in the secretion of prolactin during pregnancy

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

true or false

Lactation success is dependent on breast size.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

True or False

The internal mammary and the lateral thoracic arteries provide the majority of the blood supply to the breast.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

True or False

Progesterone is the major influence on breast growth during puberty.

Answer 22

false

Question 23

True or False

Complete development of breast function occurs only in pregnancy.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

True or False

The increase in estrogen and progesterone levels following the expulsion of the placenta triggers lactogenesis.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

True or False Suckling by the infant stimulates a decrease of prolactin.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or False ## Footnote Milk production is dependent upon the efficient removal of milk from the breast.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or Flase ## Footnote The anterior pituitary secretes oxytocin, which causes the letdown response

Answer 27

False | (posterior pituitary)

Question 28

True or False ## Footnote Prolactin’s influence on breast tissue during pregnancy is toincrease the size of the breast.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

True or Flase Women who have flat or inverted nipples cannot breastfeed successfully.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What is the function of the Montgomery’s tubercles?

Answer 30

Secrete a lubricating substance for the nipple and areola

Question 31

Which of the following is not a factor involved in lactogenesis? * Delivery of the placenta * Infant suckling the breast * Elevated estrogen levels * Elevated prolactin levels

Answer 31

Elevated estrogen levels

Question 32

Lactogenesis is initiated following delivery by

Answer 32

decrease in estrogen levels and increased serum prolactin level.

Question 33

Which hormone is responsible for the milk-ejection reflex?

Answer 33

Oxytocin

Question 34

Prolactin levels are

Answer 34

higher during the night.

Question 35

Galactopoiesis is dependent upon all of the following except * the regulation of prolactin and oxytocin by the hypothalamus. * milk synthesis and milk release into the alveoli. * increased levels of prolactin as a result of infant suckling. * control by the endocrine system.

Answer 35

control by the endocrine system.

Question 36

The milk-ejection reflex is initiated by all of the following except * stimulation of the neural and endocrine systems. * tactile receptors in the areola. * tactile receptors for prolactin and oxytocin in the nipple. * sensory stimulation of the mother.

Answer 36

* stimulation of the neural and endocrine systems.

Question 37

Milk production is most dependent upon which of the following factors? * Adequate maternal nutrition * Efficient removal of milk from the breast * The baby suckling at the breast * High serum oxytocin levels

Answer 37

Efficient removal of milk from the breast

Question 38

Which of the following does not interfere with the milk-ejection reflex? * Ice applied to the nipple to make it erect * Psychological stressors * Engorgement * Application of moist heat and breast massage

Answer 38

Application of moist heat and breast massage

Question 40

What nerve enters the breast on the right side at 10 o'clock?

Answer 40

Intercostal nerve III

Question 41

What nerve enters the breast on the left side at 2 o'clock?

Answer 41

Intercostal nerve IV

Question 42

What nerve innervates the nipple?

Answer 42

Intercostal nerves IV and V