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American Heritage Final > Section 1: The Founding Principles > Flashcards

Section 1: The Founding Principles Flashcards

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1
Q

Constitutionalism

A

Government in which power is distributed by a system of laws that the rulers must obey

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2
Q

American Exceptionalism

A

The idea that America is exceptional, unique from other nations because of the way it was made.

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3
Q

In his devotional speech, A school in Zion, Elder Holland urges students to “see life steadily and see it whole”, and to become “even-balanced souls”. What does he suggest is an important element in that quest?

A
  1. Transcending specialties and departments and seeking a broader educational experience.
  2. Taking care to strengthen both physical, spiritual, emotional well-being along with the mental rigors of university life.
  3. Seeking to understand both sides of an issue; learning with an open mind.
  4. Learning to incorporate the Holy Ghost into daily learning experiences.
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4
Q

Human Predicament cycle

A

Tyranny -> Revolution -> Anarchy (fleeting) -> Competing Groups ->

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5
Q

Sovereignty

A

Ultimate politcal power

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6
Q

Anarchy

A

Chaotic expression of individual/small group’s will (fear and disorder)

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7
Q

Tyranny

A

Organized expression of individual/small group’s will (dictator, fear of repercussions) monopolizes power

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8
Q

The Human predicament and the good society

A

3 options do nothing, leave the country, or revolt.
Both make us fearful that we will not be able to live the life we desire

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9
Q

The good society

A

societies that escaped the human predicament and are stable, without tyranny

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10
Q

3 pillars of a good society

A

freedom, virtue, welfare

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11
Q

Pros of the good society

A

Prosperous
Freedom from want
Vibrant cultures
Achievements
Peaceful
Respectful

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12
Q

Human Nature

A

Our nature leads to values we want to pursue, which lead to virtue, freedom or welfare and a proper form of government

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13
Q

3 key values of Sandel

A

Freedom, Virtue, and welfare

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14
Q

Puritans

A

Religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They settled in Massachusetts bay, covenanting to glorify God and create the Good society.

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15
Q

Puritans believed in…

A

Civil liberty, natural liberty, and freedom

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16
Q

Civil liberty

A

According to John Winthrop “Where men were free to do only that which is good, just and honest

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17
Q

Natural Liberty

A

Men do as they please without regard for morality

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18
Q

Who believes that power originates in God, authorizes who rules humans?

A

The puritans

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19
Q

John Cotton

A

Cotton corrupts, power corrupts, humans will abuse power if it is not limited

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20
Q

Roger Williams

A

Roger’s Rhode Island. Separation of church and state

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21
Q

John Winthrop

A

Win with civil liberty. Natural liberty vs. Civil liberty. Natural liberty: fallen, man does what he wants evil or good. City on a hill

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22
Q

Cotton Mathers 1701

A

Your role in society matters. Christians have spiritual obligations

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23
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Puritans/Separatists make a compact. First written down form of government in the new world that is not based off of religion.

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24
Q

Social compact

A

The concept of a group of autonomous individuals living in a state of nature, making a common agreement about the sort of political world they want to live in.

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25
Calvinism
God's elect, doesn't change. Covenants to worship God.
26
Puritans tried to form what?
Covenanting to glorify God in the New World, trying to form the Good Society
27
Relationship between freedom welfare and virtue
Freedom is given up for virtue, welfare comes from being virtuous
28
Freedom in ancient liberty (spartans)
Freedom = engagement in government and political life voting, judgements, accusing/condemning, jury duty, discussing politics , making decisions about the community
29
Freedom in modern liberty (Vegas)
Do what you want 24/7. Freedom from a government/the will of others.
30
Welfare in ancient liberty
Time and means to participate
31
Freedom in Ancient Liberty
Participate in civil affairs
32
Virtue in Ancient Liberty
Award honors to the right individuals
33
Welfare in Modern Liberty
Minimalist
34
Freedom in Modern Liberty
Prize above everything, own yourself
35
Virtue in Modern Liberty
Individuals rights/wrong
36
Pros of ancient liberty
Pros: Public good, can work together
37
Cons of ancient liberty
Cons: State makes too many demands, individual preferences are limited
38
Pros of modern liberty
Pros: Individual autonomy is protected
39
Cons of Modern Liberty
Cons: Selfish, powerful/weak vs rich/poor
40
Utilitarianism
what produces the maximum amount of happiness over pain is the right things to do
41
Who founded the idea of Utilitarianism 1748-1832?
Jeremy Bentham
42
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism: What produces the maximum amount of happiness over pain is the right thing to do
43
John Mill's
Utilitarianism. Maximize utility in the long run by respecting individual's rights
44
Lockean Liberty and the social contract
"Don't get locked in" Limited government power. Overstepping=overthrowing. Society is made up of individuals and they come together to form a government
45
The Rule of Law (5)
Generality, due process, consent, publicity, prospectively.
46
Generality
Laws should apply to everyone
47
Due Process
Equal enforcement of laws
48
Consent
Must be consenting, agreed upon
49
Prospectivity
Only punished for law AFTER it is put into place. In order to have control over life, laws to have predictable lives.
50
Ideas of political legitimacy
Mercantilism/free economy
51
Who established free economy?
Adam smith
52
Mercantilism
Main goal to get the most wealth in terms of gold/silver
53
Free economy
Established by Adam Smith. Government doesn't rule economy, only regulates it. Supply and demand
54
Roles of Government in an economy
1. Prevent corruption and fraud. 2. Enforce exchange 3. Provide transportation and communication 4. Define property rights. 5. Provide money for people to use
55
Economics in AH
We make decisions based off of our beliefs, in the economy, our decisions impact the economy and the way it works
56
The invisible hand
term economists use to describe the self-regulating nature of the marketplace
57
Opportunity cost
next best option (how much is that worth to you?) Every single decision you make has an opportunity cost, you're giving up something to do that, value over everything else
58
comparative advantage
comparing opportunity cost, each person specializes in what they have the lowest opportunity cost
59
Brennan and Jowarski: Standing in line
2 opinions. Sandels: there are times when it's not okay, sometimes the market isn't fair. Brennan + Jowarskivi: Never changes, discriminates against those who have time, not fair to just have a line
60
Taxation without representation
British were taxing the colonies who weren't represented in British congress
61
Stamp act
taxes on gov. stamps/documents that needed to be sent
62
Western Settlement
Shut down, not allowed to settle anywhere else or discover land
63
Search warrants
Government wanted to take away their liberty and search anywere
64
Tea act 1773
High taxes on cheap tea, monopoly on tea, cut other suppliers, dumped 342 chests of tea in the Boston harbor, open revolt
65
Partick Henry
"Liberty or Death"
66
Thomas Paine
Monarchy is a thing of the past. Freedom comes at a cost, wrote a letter to encourage the armies to keep fighting.
67
What did Thomas Jefferson want to capture in the declaration of independence?
What Americans already believed
68
The Declaration of Independence connects to what three values?
Freedom, Virtue, Welfare
69
Dio Section 1
Opening: One people, community. separate and equal station of an independent nation, we are equals to Britain
70
dio section 2
The theoretical core: Truths are self-evident (everyone accepts it without disputation). Things we don't have to argue for, they are true. Legitimacy comes from the divine God.
71
dio section 3
Rule of law: basically evidence shows they violated the rule of law
72
dio section 4
The conclusion: Individual right is about being a part of a community. The U.S. can act as a independent nation and do everything they do
73
Lockean Liberty
Core of the declaration. Liberty doesn't mean liberation from all authority/truth
74
Abigail Adams
Do not put so much power in males. Gender equality. Golden rule, do unto others as you would have them do unto you. All men would be tyrants if they could
75
Benjamin Banneker
Are black man living outside of Baltimore, some education/scholar. Wants to commit Jefferson to an extensive version of the similarities between whites and blacks.

American Heritage Final (1 decks)

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