Section 1 (Theory/Harm)- Nonharmonic Movement

Question 1

what is non harmonic movement

Answer 1

when a non chord tone creates a melodic connection between chord tones

Question 2

where is non harmonic movement found

Answer 2

in main melody lines or within supporting voices to connect the vertical harmonic structure of a composition

Question 3

when is a passing tone (P) used?

Answer 3

to fill the space between two chord tones in diatonic or chromatic fashion

Question 4

what is a passing tone (P)?

Answer 4

approached diatonically or chromatically by a step (not leap) and move by step in the same direction.

Question 5

what are passing tones located on strong rhythmic positions called?

Answer 5

accented passing tones

Question 6

what are two connected passing tones called?

Answer 6

double passing tone

Question 7

what are neighboring tones (N)

Answer 7

NCT’s that embellish single tones chromatically or diatonically a step above or below

Question 8

what are the names for above and below neighbors

Answer 8

above - upper neighbor

Below - lower neighbor

Question 9

what must neighboring tones do

Answer 9

immediately return to the tone it came from

Question 10

what is an appoggiatura (A)?

Answer 10

NCT’s that are approached by a leap and move to chord tones by a step diatonically or chromatically in the opposite directions

Question 11

whats another name for appoggiatura (A)

Answer 11

incomplete neighbor

Question 12

what will appoggiaturas be approached by?

Answer 12

a chord tone

Question 13

what is an escape tone (E)

Answer 13

NCT’s that are approached by a step and move to a chord tone by a leap in the opposite direction

Question 14

what are escape tones also known as

Answer 14

incomplete neighbors

Question 15

what are 3 common characteristics of an escape tone?

Answer 15

1. shorter than a beat
2. unaccented
3. diatonic

Question 16

What are the other names for a Neighboring Group (NG)?

Answer 16

cambiata or changing tones

Question 17

what is a neighboring group (NG)

Answer 17

two consecutive non chord tones that embellish a chord tone through its upper and lower neighboring tones

Question 18

how would you identify a neighboring groups (NG)

Answer 18

1. approached by a step
2. then move by a leap in opposite direction to its adjoining neighboring tone
3. resolves to the original chord tone

Question 19

what is anticipation (ANT)?

Answer 19

rhythmically anticipated chord change that has not yet been reached

Question 20

characteristics of an anticipation (ANT)

Answer 20

Approached by a step or leap

Rhythmically ties, sustained or followed by a rest

Question 21

what is a suspension (SUS)

Answer 21

hold or sustain a chord after the voices have moved to another chord

Question 22

characteristics of a suspension?

Answer 22

can be dissonant or consonant
usually fall on rhythmically strong points
can occur in any voice

Question 23

what are the three elements of a suspension

Answer 23

preparation
suspension
resolution

Question 24

in relation to a suspension, what is preparation

Answer 24

the tone preceding the suspension is the same pitch as the suspension and will always be a chord tone

Question 25

in relation to a suspension, what is suspension

Answer 25

the tone suspends the chord. may not be rhythmically tied to the prep, but will be the same note

Question 26

in relation to a suspension, what is resolution

Answer 26

the resolving tone following the suspension.

Question 27

where will the resolution be in relation to the suspension?

Answer 27

it will be a chord tone a 2nd below the suspension

Question 28

how are suspensions named?

Answer 28

by the harmonic interval they create above the bass note

Question 29

what is the only compound interval sus?

Answer 29

9-8 sus

Question 30

the only suspension with a resolution is?

Answer 30

9-8

Question 31

Common bass suspension

Answer 31

2-3 sus

Question 32

what is a change of bass suspension?

Answer 32

when the bass moves to another chord tone with the resolution. but the bass doesn't have a suspension

Question 33

what is an embellished suspension?

Answer 33

when other tones appear after the suspension and before the resolution. can contain chord tones and non chord tones

Question 34

what is a chain of suspension?

Answer 34

occurs when one resolution serves as the preparation for another

Question 35

what is a retardation (R)

Answer 35

when you hold on to a chord after the other voices have moved on

Question 36

what is the difference between retardation and suspensions?

Answer 36

the resolution of a chord will be a 2nd above the retardations. suspension resolves down retardation resolves up

Question 37

when do retardations occur

Answer 37

cadential points but can occur anywhere. | they can also occur at the same time as suspensions but don't have to

Question 38

what is a pedal point (pedal)

Answer 38

a sustained tone occurring over 3 or more chords

Question 39

2 key characteristics of pedal points

Answer 39

1. must begin and end as a chord tone | 2. must be a non chord tone on one chord between the first and last chord

Question 40

where do pedal points usually occur and how is it analyzed

Answer 40

in the bass voice. | figured bass uses lowest moving voice for analysis

Question 41

what is an inverted pedal point

Answer 41

pedal point found in the soprano voice

Question 42

what is an internal pedal point

Answer 42

pedal point found in the alto or tenor voice

Question 43

what is a double pedal point

Answer 43

a pedal in two voices. usually bass and another voice

Question 44

passing tone (P) - approached and resolved by

Answer 44

approached by step | resolved by step in the same direction

Question 45

neighboring tone (N) - approached and resolved by

Answer 45

approached by step | resolved by step in the opposite direction

Question 46

appoggiatura - approached and resolved by

Answer 46

approached by leap | resolved by step in the opposite direction

Question 47

escape tone (E) - approached and resolved by

Answer 47

approached by step | resolved by step in the opposite direction

Question 48

neighboring group (NG) - approached and resolved by

Answer 48

approached by step, then leaps to other chord tone | resolved by step back to original chord tone

Question 49

Anticipation - approached and resolved by

Answer 49

approached by step or leap | resolved by same tone

Question 50

suspension - approached and resolved by

Answer 50

approached by same tone | resolved by down a step

Question 51

retardation - approached and resolved by

Answer 51

approached by same tone | resolved by up a step

Question 52

suspension - approached and resolved by

Answer 52

approached by same tone sustained | resolved by up a chord tone, non chord tone, to chord tone

Question 53

four part writing can have multiple non harmonic tones simultaneously. when this occurs what are the typical intervals

Answer 53

3rds, 6ths, and octaves.

Question 54

the bass voice is typically limited to what non harmonic tones?

Answer 54

unaccented passing tones, pedals, and neighboring tones