Section 1 tsar Nicholas II

Question 1

What laws did Stolypin introduce about voting?

Answer 1

He restricted voting to the propertied classes

Question 2

What was the consequence of this?

Answer 2

The 3rd and 4th Dumas were heavily right wing

Question 3

What right did the 3rd duma exercise?

Answer 3

It’s right to question state finances and ministers

Question 4

What did it use its committee system for?

Answer 4

Make important proposals for modernising the army

Question 5

What social-reform measures did it introduce?

Answer 5

Setting up schools for the poor and national insurance

Question 6

How long did the 4th duma last?

Answer 6

1912-14

Question 7

Who made up the fourth Duma?

Answer 7

Those who made up the 3rd duma

Question 8

What did it criticise the government about?

Answer 8

Lena Goldfield incident and heavy oppression of working class protest

Question 9

What did it lay down the basis of?

Answer 9

State welfare

Question 10

Why did it dissolve?

Answer 10

It dissolved itself at the start of WW1

Question 11

What could it have done if the tsar was more supportive?

Answer 11

Introduce reforms and help development

Question 12

What did a Moscow Okhrana report claim?

Answer 12

That a lot of Russias tension came from the questions raised by the duma

Question 13

What did rodzianko plea to the tsar

Answer 13

That he clarify the role of the Duma so that it could play a constructive role in the development of Russia

Question 14

Why were peasants willing to accept grim factory conditions?

Answer 14

Due to higher wages

Question 15

What did recurrent recessions cause?

Answer 15

Widespread unemployment

Question 16

What did widespread unemployment cause ?

Answer 16

Peasants to be on the streets which added to tensions

Question 17

What did terror tactics do?

Answer 17

Add to tensions

Question 18

How much did strikes increase by from 1911-14?

Answer 18

Over 2000

Question 19

What did they have difficulty distinguishing between?

Answer 19

Strikes for better pay and strikes for political protest

Question 20

What did miners in Siberia demand?

Answer 20

Better pay and conditions

Question 21

What did their employers appeal for?

Answer 21

The strikers to be arrested as criminals

Question 22

What happened when the police moved into Lena?

Answer 22

Strikers closed ranks and police opened fire, killing and injuring a large number of strikers

Question 23

How many victims of acts of terrorism were there?

Answer 23

17,000

Question 24

What did Guchkov warn in his 1913 conference?

Answer 24

That the government blindness was driving Russia closer to revolution

Question 25

What had alarmed Russia about the growth of a united Germany?

Answer 25

That having a powerful nation in Central Europe would mean that they wanted to expand eastwards

Question 26

What alarmed Russia about the formation of austro-Hungarian empire?

Answer 26

That Austria would build on its new strength by an expansionist policy in south-east Europe

Question 27

What worried Russia about the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 27

That many would seek independence from their rule and threaten Russian interest in the balkans

Question 28

Who did Russia believe it had a duty to protect?

Answer 28

the Slav Christian people’s of balkans

Question 29

Why was it necessary to ensure straits didn’t come under control of hostile power?

Answer 29

75% of grain exports came through the Dardanelles and the interruption of ships through this passage would effect Russia

Question 30

What was Russia reluctant to take?

Answer 30

Diplomatic initiative

Question 31

Despite this, what were they willing to do?

Answer 31

Enter alliances to protect its western borders

Question 32

How did the German chancellor encourage agreements?

Answer 32

He played on their fears of becoming isolated

Question 33

What frightened Russia into looking for agreements with other powers?

Answer 33

Germanys intention of joining with Austria to assert German influence of the balkans

Question 34

What startling move did Austro-Hungary make in 1908?

Answer 34

They annexed the Balkan state of Bosnia

Question 35

Why did the Austrian counterpart urge the Russian foreign minister to accept this?

Answer 35

To create greater stability in the Balkan region

Question 36

What did he agree for in return?

Answer 36

The promise that it would accept Russias unrestricted right to the use of the Dardanelles

Question 37

How did the Austrians not follow this promise?

Answer 37

They didn’t make any effort to encourage international recognition if Russias use of the dardanelles

Question 38

What was the aim of the schlieffen plan?

Answer 38

To avoid a two-front war against France and Russia

Question 39

What did Nicholas sign on the 30th July 1914?

Answer 39

Full mobilisation

Question 40

What did he hope to do by signing this?

Answer 40

Leave Russia free to hold back from war

Question 41

Why did Germany declare war on Russia?

Answer 41

Because Germany wanted them to cease their mobilisation, but received no response from Russia

Question 42

What do George Kennan and leopold Haimson argue?

Answer 42

That the regime would have collapsed- war or no war

Question 43

Why were the revolutionary parties considered incapable of mounting a successful assault of the tsar?

Answer 43

They were only on the fringe of political opposition

Question 44

Where were the leading figures of revolutionary parties?

Answer 44

Mostly in exile

Question 45

Why did Germany fear Russia?

Answer 45

They considered the, a great military force with vast resources

Question 46

What was the tsars estimate about his peoples loyalty?

Answer 46

That 4/5ths of his people were dedicated and loyal

Question 47

What persistent problems didn’t indicate the tsars doom?

Answer 47

Social disparity and poverty

Question 48

Where was growth seen in the railways?

Answer 48

The trans-Siberian railway was bringing Russias distant provinces in touch with the centre.

Question 49

What did migration and resettlement allow for?

Answer 49

Natural and Human Resources to be utilised

Question 50

How much had economy and agriculture grown?

Answer 50

By 6%

Question 51

How much of the population consisted of peasantry by 1914?

Answer 51

4/5ths

Question 52

What was the view of Alex Nove?

Answer 52

That Russia could have lead a reasonable existence had the growth in industry and agriculture persisted

Question 53

What was the view of David Christian?

Answer 53

Many areas of Russia remained loyal to tsardom after 1914