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PM's N10-008 Network+ Course Notes > Section 1.0 - Networking Concepts > Flashcards

Section 1.0 - Networking Concepts Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is the OSI Model?

A

A seven-layer framework for standardizing network communication

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2
Q

What is the role of Layer 1 (Physical Layer)?

A

Handles the physical aspects of networking

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3
Q

How do you troubleshoot Physical Layer issues?

A

Fix cabling

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4
Q

What is Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)?

A

Manages basic network communication using Data Link Control protocols and MAC addresses

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5
Q

What is Layer 3 (Network Layer)?

A

Responsible for routing and IP addressing

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6
Q

What is IP Fragmentation?

A

Divides packets into smaller fragments (multiples of 8 due to IP header offset bits) to traverse networks with different MTUs.

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7
Q

What is Layer 4 (Transport Layer)?

A

Manages data delivery like a post office

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8
Q

What is Layer 5 (Session Layer)?

A

Manages communication sessions between devices

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9
Q

What is Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)?

A

Handles character encoding and application encryption

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10
Q

What is Layer 7 (Application Layer)?

A

The user-facing layer

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11
Q

How does data flow through the OSI layers in an example like accessing Gmail?

A

Application (HTTPS), Presentation (SSL encryption), Session (links to transport), Transport (TCP), Network (IP), Data Link (Ethernet), Physical (electrical signals).

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12
Q

What is a mnemonic for the OSI layers?

A

Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application).

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13
Q

What are transmission units in networking?

A

Different data units at OSI layers: frames (Ethernet, Layer 2), packets (IP, Layer 3), segments (TCP, Layer 4), datagrams (UDP, Layer 4).

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14
Q

What is the role of the TCP header?

A

Contains control information, including TCP flags, to describe and manage the payload.

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15
Q

What does the SYN TCP flag do?

A

Synchronizes sequence numbers to initiate a TCP connection.

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16
Q

What does the PSH TCP flag do?

A

Pushes data to the application without buffering

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17
Q

What does the RST TCP flag do?

A

Resets a TCP connection

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18
Q

What does the FIN TCP flag do?

A

Indicates the last packet from the sender

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19
Q

What is the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)?

A

The largest IP packet size that can be transmitted without fragmentation

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20
Q

Why is fragmentation undesirable for MTU?

A

It slows transmission, increases overhead, and risks packet loss if a fragment is lost.

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21
Q

How do you troubleshoot MTU issues?

A

Use ping with the Don’t Fragment flag (e.g., ping -f -l 1472 8.8.8.8 on Windows) to test maximum packet size (1472 bytes after headers).

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22
Q

Why is MTU a concern for tunneled traffic?

A

Tunnels may have smaller MTUs than local Ethernet, causing issues if packets are too large and the Don’t Fragment flag is set.

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23
Q

Why are network topologies useful?

A

They aid in planning networks, understanding signal flow, and troubleshooting by mapping physical layouts.

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24
Q

What is a star topology?

A

All devices connect to a central device (e.g.

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25
What is a ring topology?
Devices connect in a circular path
26
What is a bus topology?
Devices connect to a single coaxial cable
27
What is a mesh topology?
Devices have multiple links (fully or partially connected) for redundancy, fault tolerance, and load balancing, common in WANs.
28
What is a hybrid topology?
Combines multiple topologies (e.g.
29
What is a peer-to-peer network?
All devices act as both clients and servers
30
What are the advantages of a peer-to-peer network?
Easy deployment and low cost.
31
What are the disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network?
Difficult to administer and secure.
32
What is a client-server network?
Clients communicate with a central server
33
What are the advantages of a client-server network?
Better performance and easier administration.
34
What are the disadvantages of a client-server network?
Higher cost and complexity.
35
What is binary math used for in networking?
Converts IP addresses and subnet masks to binary for calculating subnets
36
What is IPv4 addressing?
Assigns 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1) to devices for network communication, divided into network and host portions.
37
What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?
Maps private IP addresses to a public IP address
38
What is classful subnetting?
Divides IPv4 addresses into classes (A, B, C) with default subnet masks (e.g., /8, /16, /24) for network segmentation.
39
What is the purpose of an IPv4 subnet mask?
Separates an IP address into network and host portions
40
How do you calculate IPv4 subnets and hosts?
Use binary math or formulas (2^n subnets, 2^h - 2 hosts per subnet) based on borrowed bits for subnetting.
41
What is Magic Number Subnetting?
A method to quickly calculate subnet ranges using multiples of the subnet increment (e.g.
42
What is Seven Second Subnetting?
A fast technique to determine subnet details (network
43
What is IPv6 addressing?
Uses 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8::1) for a larger address space, eliminating NAT and supporting autoconfiguration.
44
What is an IPv6 subnet mask?
Typically /64 for LANs
45
How is IPv6 configured?
Via stateless autoconfiguration (SLAAC), DHCPv6, or manual assignment, often using router advertisements.
46
What is the purpose of IP?
Routes packets across networks using source and destination IP addresses.
47
What is port 80 used for?
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web browsing.
48
What is port 443 used for?
HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for encrypted web browsing.
49
What is port 53 used for?
DNS (Domain Name System) for resolving domain names to IP addresses.
50
What is port 21 used for?
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for transferring files.
51
What is port 25 used for?
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for sending emails.
52
What is port 110 used for?
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) for retrieving emails.
53
What is port 143 used for?
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) for accessing emails on a server.
54
What is SNMP?
Simple Network Management Protocol monitors and manages network devices
55
What is NTP?
Network Time Protocol synchronizes clocks across devices
56
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses
57
How is DHCP configured?
Set up a DHCP server with a scope of IP addresses, lease duration, and options like gateway and DNS.
58
What is DNS?
Domain Name System resolves domain names (e.g.
59
What is an A record in DNS?
Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address (e.g.
60
What is an AAAA record in DNS?
Maps a hostname to an IPv6 address (e.g.
61
What is a CNAME record in DNS?
Creates an alias for a hostname
62
What is an MX record in DNS?
Specifies the mail server for a domain (e.g.
63
What is NTP’s role in networking?
Synchronizes device clocks for accurate timekeeping
64
What are network architectures?
Designs for network layouts
65
What is a Storage Area Network (SAN)?
A high-speed network connecting servers to storage devices
66
What are cloud models?
Deployment types like public
67
What is a public cloud?
Cloud services offered by third-party providers (e.g.
68
What is a private cloud?
Cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization
69
What is a hybrid cloud?
Combines public and private clouds
70
What is a community cloud?
Cloud shared by organizations with similar needs (e.g.
71
What is involved in designing the cloud?
Planning cloud architecture, including scalability, security, redundancy, and integration with on-premises systems.

PM's N10-008 Network+ Course Notes (4 decks)

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