Section 2.0 - Infrastructure

Question 1

What are networking devices?

Answer 1

Hardware devices like routers

Question 2

What is the role of a router?

Answer 2

A router forwards packets between networks using IP addresses

Question 3

What is the role of a switch?

Answer 3

A switch connects devices within a network

Question 4

What is a hub?

Answer 4

A basic device that connects multiple devices

Question 5

What are advanced networking devices?

Answer 5

Specialized devices like firewalls

Question 6

What is a firewall?

Answer 6

A device that monitors and filters network traffic based on rules

Question 7

What is a load balancer?

Answer 7

Distributes network traffic across multiple servers to optimize performance and ensure high availability.

Question 8

What is an intrusion detection system (IDS)?

Answer 8

Monitors network traffic for suspicious activity

Question 9

What are networked devices?

Answer 9

End devices like IP phones

Question 10

What is an IP phone?

Answer 10

A phone that uses Voice over IP (VoIP) to make calls over a network

Question 11

What is a network camera?

Answer 11

A camera that streams video over a network

Question 12

What is dynamic routing?

Answer 12

Uses protocols to automatically update routing tables

Question 13

What is RIP?

Answer 13

Routing Information Protocol

Question 14

What is OSPF?

Answer 14

Open Shortest Path First

Question 15

What is BGP?

Answer 15

Border Gateway Protocol

Question 16

What are routing technologies?

Answer 16

Mechanisms like routing tables, metrics, and convergence that enable routers to determine optimal paths.

Question 17

What is a routing table?

Answer 17

A database on a router listing paths to network destinations

Question 18

What is a routing metric?

Answer 18

A value (e.g.

Question 19

What is convergence in routing?

Answer 19

The process by which routers update their routing tables to reflect network changes

Question 20

What is Ethernet?

Answer 20

A wired networking technology (IEEE 802.3) for LANs

Question 21

What is an Ethernet frame?

Answer 21

A data unit containing source and destination MAC addresses

Question 22

What is network switching?

Answer 22

The process of forwarding Ethernet frames within a LAN based on MAC addresses

Question 23

How does a switch learn MAC addresses?

Answer 23

A switch builds a MAC address table by observing source MAC addresses in incoming frames.

Question 24

What is a switch forwarding decision?

Answer 24

A switch uses its MAC address table to send frames only to the port associated with the destination MAC address.

Question 25

What is a VLAN?

Answer 25

A Virtual Local Area Network segments a physical network into logical networks for security and traffic management.

Question 26

What is VLAN trunking?

Answer 26

Allows multiple VLANs to traverse a single link between switches

Question 27

What is the default VLAN?

Answer 27

VLAN 1

Question 28

What is Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

Answer 28

A Layer 2 protocol (IEEE 802.1D) that prevents switching loops by blocking redundant paths in Ethernet networks.

Question 29

What is the role of the root bridge in STP?

Answer 29

The central switch in an STP topology

Question 30

What are STP port states?

Answer 30

Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding, and Disabled, controlling how ports handle frames to prevent loops.

Question 31

What are interface configurations?

Answer 31

Settings on switch or router ports, including speed, duplex, VLAN assignments, and security features.

Question 32

What is auto-negotiation in interface configuration?

Answer 32

A process where devices automatically agree on speed and duplex settings for a connection.

Question 33

What is a manual interface configuration?

Answer 33

Manually setting speed

Question 34

What is a straight-through cable?

Answer 34

An Ethernet cable with identical pin assignments at both ends

Question 35

What is a crossover cable?

Answer 35

An Ethernet cable with crossed transmit and receive pairs

Question 36

When is a crossover cable unnecessary?

Answer 36

When devices support Auto-MDIX

Question 37

What are wireless standards?

Answer 37

IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g.

Question 38

What is 802.11ac?

Answer 38

A Wi-Fi standard operating at 5 GHz, offering high throughput (up to 1.3 Gbps) with wider channels and MU-MIMO.

Question 39

What is 802.11ax?

Answer 39

Wi-Fi 6

Question 40

What is an SSID?

Answer 40

Service Set Identifier

Question 41

What are wireless channels?

Answer 41

Frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz) used by Wi-Fi to avoid interference, with non-overlapping channels preferred.

Question 42

What is MIMO?

Answer 42

Multiple Input Multiple Output

Question 43

What is WPA2?

Answer 43

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2

Question 44

What is WPA3?

Answer 44

An advanced Wi-Fi security protocol improving encryption (SAE) and protecting against brute-force attacks.

Question 45

What is WEP?

Answer 45

Wired Equivalent Privacy

Question 46

What is 4G?

Answer 46

Fourth-generation cellular technology offering high-speed mobile data (up to 100 Mbps) using LTE.

Question 47

What is 5G?

Answer 47

Fifth-generation cellular technology providing ultra-low latency

Question 48

What is LTE?

Answer 48

Long-Term Evolution