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Network+ > Section 1.1-1.2-1.3 > Flashcards

Section 1.1-1.2-1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

OSI Model Definition

A

Open System Interconnection Reference Model

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2
Q

OSI Model 7 Layers

A

Layer 1: Physical Layer
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Layer 3: Network Layer
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Layer 5: Session Layer
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
Layer 7: Application Layer

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3
Q

OSI Model Layer 1

A

Physical Layer
It’s the physics of a network: Signaling, cabling, connectors

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4
Q

OSI Model Layer 1 Responsibility

A

The physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the transmission and receipt of the signals that represent bits of data from one node to another node.

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5
Q

OSI Model Layer 2

A

Data Link Layer
The switching layer (frame, mac address, EUI-48, EUI-64, Switch, ARP Table)

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6
Q

OSI Model Layer 2 Responsibility

A

The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between nodes on the same logical segment.

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7
Q

OSI Model Layer 3

A

Network Layer
The routing Layer (IP, router, packet)

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8
Q

OSI Model Layer 3 Responsibility

A

The network layer is responsible for moving data around a network of networks, known as the Internet.

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9
Q

OSI Model Layer 4

A

Transport Layer
The “post office” layer (TCP segment, UDP datagram)

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10
Q

OSI Model Layer 4 Responsibility

A

The transport layer identifies each type of network application by assigning it a port number.

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11
Q

OSI Model Layer 5

A

Session Layer
Communication between devices (control protocols, tunneling protocols)

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12
Q

OSI Model Layer 5 Responsibility

A

The session layer represents functions that administer the process of establishing a dialog, managing data transfer, and then ending (or tearing down) the session.

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13
Q

OSI Model Layer 6

A

Presentation Layer
Encoding and Encryption (SSL/TLS)

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14
Q

OSI Model Layer 6 Responsibility

A

The Presentation layer transforms data between the format required for the network and the format required for the application. For example the Presentation layer is used for character set conversion.

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15
Q

OSI Model Layer 7

A

Application Layer
The layer we see - Google Mail, Twitter, Facebook

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16
Q

OSI Model Layer 7 Responsibility

A

The application layer receives the translated data. This protocol does not encapsulate any other protocols or provide services to any protocol.

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17
Q

What protocols are used in OSI layer 7?

A

The application layer uses the following protocols: HTTP, SMTP and FTP.

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18
Q

What is a bridge?

A

A bridge is a hardware appliance or software application that connects different networks and treats them as if they were one network.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a bridge?

A

The bridge creates a link between two physical segments so that hosts in segment A can send and receive messages to hosts in segment B.

Bridges perform on Layer 2 (Data Link Layer).

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20
Q

What is a router?

A

A router is a hardware appliance or application that connects different networks for communication purposes but keeps them separate. A router is a layer 3 device and communication between networks is done with routing tables.

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21
Q

What is a switch ?

A

A switch is a layer 2 device, that connects systems within a single network subnet.

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22
Q

What is a firewall?

A

A firewall is a hardware device or application that is used to protect a network from another.
Firewalls are principally used to implement security zones, such as intranet, screened subnet topology and internet.

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23
Q

What is a TCP Flag?

A

A TCP Flag is a specific bit within the TCP header that controls the flow of data.

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24
Q

What are the main TCP flags?

A

SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers
PSH: Push the data to the application without buffering
RST - Reset the connection
FIN - Last packet from the sender

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25
What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)?
Maximum IP Packet to Transmit
26
How to troubleshoot MTU?
Ping with DF (Dont Fragment) and force a maximum size of 1472. Windows: ping -f -l 1472 8.8.8.8
27
What are Network Topologies used for?
Planning a network to understand signal flow
28
5 Types of Network Topologies
Star Ring Bus Mesh Hybrid
29
Define Star Topology
All devices (nodes) are connected to a central hub or switch or routes.
30
Define Ring Topology
Each device is connected to exactly two other devices forming a circular pathway for data to travel.
31
Define Bus Topology
All devices (nodes) are connected to a single central cable known as the bus. Only one node can be active at a time.
32
Define Mesh Topology
Each device is connected to every other device in the network. Two types of Mesh: - Fully connected and Partially connected
33
Define Hybrid Topology
A combination of one or more physical topologies
34
3 Types of Wireless Topologies
Infrastructure Ad Hoc Networking Mesh
35
Define Infrastructure Wireless Topology
Al devices communicate through an access point.
36
Define Ad Hoc Wireless Topology
No preexisting infrastructure. Devices communicate among themselves.
37
Define Mesh Wireless Topology
Ad Hoc devices work together to form a Mesh "Cloud"
38
Peer to Peer network type definition
All devices are both clients and servers
39
Client-server network type definition
Central server used for all clients to talk to. No client to client communication
40
LAN (Local Area Network)
Network that connects devices within a building or a limited number of buildings Can be done through Ethernet or Wireless (802.11)
41
MAN (metropolitan area network)
A metropolitan area network is a network that covers an area equivalent to a city. A MAN uses a service category such as ELAN which establishes a mesh topology.
42
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Generally connects LANs across a distance (cities, countries)
43
Types of WAN Networks
Point to Point Terrestrial and non terrestrial
44
What is WLAN
Wireless LAN. Also referenced as a hotspot.
45
PAN (Personal Area Network)
A personal area network (PAN) is a close-range network link between a variety of devices. For example, two smart phones connected to each other via Bluetooth are creating a PAN.
46
CAN (Campus Area Network)
The term campus area network (CAN) is sometimes used for a LAN that spans multiple nearby buildings. This high-speed network can connect directly with all students in all the buildings and dormitories.
47
What is NAS?
Definition: Network Attached Storage. - file-based storage system connected to a LAN
48
What is SAN?
Definition: Storage Area Network - block-based storage system connected to a dedicated high-speed network - A SAN is isolated from the main network. It is only accessed by servers, not by client PCs and laptops.
49
What is MPLS?
Multi protocol label switching (MPLS) can operate as an overlay network to configure point to point or point to multipoint links between nodes regardless of the underlying physical and data link topologies.
50
What is mGRE?
Definition: Multipoint Generic Router Encapsulation - mGRE is a tunneling protocol that allows a single tunnel interface to connect to multiple remote sites, making it ideal for hub-and-spoke topologies - mGRE is used a lot with Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN)
51
What is SD-WAN?
Definition: Software Defined Networking in a Wide Area Network - (SDWAN) is an overlay network that provisions a corporate WAN across multiple locations and facilitates secure access to the cloud directly from a remote location.
52
What is Demarcation point?
The demarcation point is the boundary where the responsibility for the network transitions from the service provider to the customer. It is typically located where the service provider's infrastructure meets the customer's internal network. - It could be at the server room of an office.
53
What is a Smartjack?
Also known as NIU (Network Interface Unit) It is a type of network interface device used to connect customer sites equipment to the provider's network. It is usually installed at the demarcation point. What makes a Smartjack "smart" is its ability to perform diagnostics and testing on the network connection, allowing service providers to remotely monitor, test, and troubleshoot the connection without needing to send a technician to the customer's site.
54
What are virtual networks?
A virtual network is a software based representation of a physical network.
55
What is Hypervisor?
Virtual Machines (VMs) manager.
56
What is NFV (Network Function Virtualization)?
NFV replaces physical network devices (like routers, switches, firewalls) with virtual versions.
57
What is vSwitch?
A vSwitch is a virtual version of a physical network switch. It is used to connect virtual machines within the same server and allow them to communicate with each other.
58
Explain Ethernet encapsulation
Ethernet encapsulates the payload from the higher level protocols within a protocol data unit (PDU) called a frame. The ethernet header encapsulates onto a packet at the data link layer.
59
Explain Transport Layer encapsulation
The transport layer encapsulates the packet in the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) header or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header.
60
What is a repeater?
A repeater is a layer 1 device that takes a signal and repeats it to the devices connected to it. Repeaters maintain signal intergrity and amplitude.
61
What is an IDS?
An IDS is an Intrusion Detection System that detects malicious activity.
62
Wat is an IPS?
An IPS is an intrusion prevention system that monitors suspicious network or system traffic and reacts in real time to block it.
63
What is a multilayer switch?
A multilayer switch routes based on the contents of packets at layer 3 and up and more effectively in a VLAN environment.
64
Explain Physical Network Topology
Physical network topology describes the placement of nodes and how they are connected by the network media. Example; t'is the actual layout of the network's hardware—the cables, devices, and how they are connected. It’s what you can touch and see.
65
Explain Logical Network Topology
Logical Network topology describes the flow of data through the network regardless of its physical layout.
66
What is a vNIC?
Virtual network adapter
67
What is a DSL?
Digital Subscriber Line is a technology for transferring data over voice telephone lines. - Often referred to as the local loop
68
What is a leased line?
A leased line is a dedicated, private connection that provides a continuous, high-performance link between two locations. - For example, using a leased line you can always get the same download/upload speed for network activities.
69
What is a Bix?
Bix panels have blades that are adjustable on one end of the punch tool.
70
Explain 110 punch block
Installer mostly use 110 format punch blocks for LAN technology and RJ-45 connections. They have a set blade on one end of the punch tool.
70
Explain 66 punch block
Installers use 66 format punch blocks in telecom installations and phone connectivity panels. They have a blade on the side of the punch tool.
71
What is a Krone?
Krone panels have scissor like function on the front of the punch tool.
72
Explain Twinax Cable
Twinax Cable is for data center 10 GbE and 40 GbE interconnections of up to about 5 meters for passive cable types and 10 meters for active cable types.
72
Explain Coaxial Cable
Coaxial is used for cable tv connections.
72
10GBASE-LR
Ethernet over Fiber uses the IEEE 10GBASE-ER specification
73
Explain Cat 6A Cables
Cat 6A cable supports 10Gbps over 100 meters. RJ-45 connectors terminate the cable.
74
Explain Cat 6 cables
Cat 6 cable can support 10 Gbps over 55 meters.
75
Explain Cat 7 cables
Cat 7 cable can support 10GbE for up to 100 meters. GG45 or Tera connectors terminate cat 7 cables.
76
Explain 1000BASE-LX
The 1000BASE-LX is a gigabit ethernet standard and supports 1 Gbps and a distance of 5 km using a single mode fiber.
76
Explain Cat 8 cables
Only used for top of rack connections between adjacent appliances.
77
Explain 100BASE-FX
100BASE-FX goes up to 100Mbps for a distance of up to 2km
78
Explain DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing provisions greater number of channels (20,40,80 and 160).
79
Explain CWDM
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing supports up to 16 wavelengths and is able to deploy 4 or 8 bidirectional channels over a single fiber strand.
79
Explain 100BASE-SX
100BASE-SX goes up to 100 Mbps for a distance of up to 300 meters.
80
Explain 10GBASE-SR
10GBASE-SR supports 10 gigabit for a distance of up to 300 meters.
81
Explain 40GBASE-T
Gigabit ethernet working over cat 8 cable with speeds up to 40 Gbps and a distance of 30 meters
82
Explain 10GBASE-T
Fast Ethernet working over Cat 6 cable for speeds up to 10 gigabits
83
Explain LC
LC (Local Connector) is a small form fiber optic connector. Smaller than SC.
84
Explain SC
Subscriber connector is a connector used with fiber optic cabling. Bigger than LC.
84
Explain SFP
Small Form Factor (SFP) uses local connectors (LCs)
85
Explain UPC
Ultra Physical Contact (UPC) fiber connector defines that the cable and connector are polished to the highest standard.
86
Explain APC
Angled Physical Contact are designed for angled connections that are not fiber connectors. Usually used to carry analog signaling.
87
What are the defined methods for terminating Ethernet connectors?
T568A is mandated but T568B is more widely deployed.
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