Section 1.4

Question 1

What is a byte?

Answer 1

A byte is made from 8 bits

Question 2

Provide the binary to decimal conversion table for 00000000

Answer 2

128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1

Question 3

What is 10001000 in decimal?

Answer 3

136 decimal

Question 4

Provide the range for Class A IP Addresses

Answer 4

Class A range is 0-127
Easy way to remember, class A will always have a leading 0 so
0xxxxxxx , meaning the max number can be 127 in decimal

Question 4

What defines the class in an IP address?

Answer 4

The first 3 numbers in the IP address or the leading bits.

Question 4

What is another name for Byte?

Answer 4

Octet

Question 5

What is DHCP?

Answer 5

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol which provides automatic address and ip configurations such as IP address, subnet mask, gateway, dns server, ntp server.

Question 5

What is the maximum value of an octet?

Answer 5

255 (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1)

Question 6

What is APIPA?

Answer 6

Automatic Private IP Addressing. It can only communicate to addresses within the local subnet and it cannot be routed to addresses outside of the local subnet

Question 7

Provide the range for Class B IP Addresses

Answer 7

Class B range is 128-191
Easy way to remember, class b will always end with 10 so
10xxxxxx meaning the minimum is 128 if 10000000 and maximum is 191 if 10111111.

Question 8

Provide the range for Class C IP Addresses

Answer 8

Class C range is 192-223
Easy way to remember, class C will always end with 110 so
110xxxxx meaning the minimum is 192 if 11000000 and maximum is 223 if 11011111.

Question 9

Provide the range for Class D IP Addresses

Answer 9

Class D range is 224-239
Easy way to remember, class D will always end with 1110 so
1110xxxx meaning the minimum is 192 if 11100000 and maximum is 223 if 11101111.

Question 10

Provide the range for Class E IP Addresses

Answer 10

Class E range is 240-255
Easy way to remember, class E will always end with 1111 so
1111xxxx meaning the minimum is 192 if 11000000 and maximum is 223 if 11111111.

Question 11

What is the default subnet mask for Class A IP addresses?

Answer 11

255.0.0.0

Question 11

What is the default subnet mask for Class B IP addresses?

Answer 11

255.255.0.0

Question 12

What is the default subnet mask for Class C IP Addresses?

Answer 12

255.255.255.0

Question 13

What are 4 important values when it comes to creating a subnet?

Answer 13

Network address - The first IP of a subnet (set all bits to 0 so 0)
Mask
First usable address - One number higher than the network address
Network Broadcast Address - The last IP Address. (set all bits to 1 so 255)
Last usable address - One number less than the network address

Question 14

What does CIDR stand for?

Answer 14

Classless Inter Domain Routing

Question 15

Provide /8 , / 16 , /24 in decimal and binary

Answer 15

255.0.0.0 = /8 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.0.0 = /16 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255.255.255.0 = /24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Question 16

Provide /12 in decimal and binary

Answer 16

11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000 = 255.240.0.0

Question 17

What is the formula to calculate the number of subnets?

Answer 17

2^subnet bits

Question 18

Define Unicast network communication

Answer 18

One systems sending information to another systems.
Information is sent between two systems.

Question 18

Find the number of subnets and hosts per subnet for the following ip address 192.168.11.0/26

Answer 18

192 makes this a class C address
This means there are 2 subnets
- Class C has 24 bits - /26 that leaves us with 2 subnets bits
Total number of subnets = 2^2 = 4
Host bits = 32 (total bits) - 26 = 6. based on formula 2^6 -2 = 64 - 2 = 62

Question 19

What is the formula to calculate the number of hosts per subnet?

Answer 19

2^host bits - 2

Question 20

Provide 7 seconds subnetting process

Answer 20

1. Convert IP address and subnet mask to decimal using the chart 2. Determine network address (first address (all 0s or check multiple of address (lower end . upper end))) 3. Determine the broadcast address (last address (all 1s)) 4. Determine the first usable address (network address + 1) 5. Determine the last usable address (broadcast address -1)

Question 21

Define Broadcast network communication

Answer 21

One packet is received by everyone at once

Question 22

Define Multicast network communication

Answer 22

One to many. Delivery of information to interested systems

Question 23

Define Anycast network communication

Answer 23

One to One of Many communication

Question 24

Provide Class A Private IPv4 Address Ranges

Answer 24

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Question 24

How many bits in IPv6 vs IPv4

Answer 24

IPv4 has 32 bits IPv6 has 128 bits

Question 25

Provide Class C Private IPv4 Address Ranges

Answer 25

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Question 26

Provide Class B Private IPv4 Address Ranges

Answer 26

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Question 27

What is the Default Gateway?

Answer 27

The default gateway is the Internet Protocol (IP) address of a router on the same IP network as the host.

Question 28

What is a Subnet mask?

Answer 28

A subnet mask is used to distinguish between the network ID and the host ID within a single IP address?

Question 29

What is the purpose of VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masks)?

Answer 29

It allows a network designer to allocate ranges of IP addresses to subnets that match the predicted need for number of subnets and hosts per subnet.

Question 29

What is the loopback address?

Answer 29

The loopback address is the address to itself which ranges from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254

Question 29

What is the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)?

Answer 29

A parameter network which makes it so traffic cannot pass through it directly. If communication is required between hosts on either side of the DMZ, a bastion host will take the request and check it.

Question 30

What is SLAAC?

Answer 30

Stateless Address Auto-configuration is an automatic address configuration for IPv6 addresses.