Section 11 OBJ 2 & 3: Networking Basics

Question 1

Network

Answer 1

makes connections between machines

Question 2

Five 9s

Answer 2

99.999% uptime
5 minutes of downtime a year

Question 3

Hub

Answer 3

Has a number of different ports betwen 4 and 48 ports. each port allows a computer connection. typically relies on RJ45 ports 10-100 MBps
has problem of collision where multiple requests cant be carried out at the same time. like a classroom where only 1 student can ask a question at a time
has problem of privacy because every client connected receives the request and can listen to traffic

Question 4

Switches

Answer 4

“smarter” hubs that remembers the ports that are connected to them. doesnt broadcast to every port on the switch like a hub.
Can have multiple devices talking at the same time to avoid collision

Question 5

Unmanaged switch

Answer 5

performs its functions without needing configuration
generally used in home/small offices with a small network

Question 6

Managed Switched

Answer 6

Performs its functions with configuration
Can configure increased security and other functions
generally used in larger offices

Question 7

Wireless Access Point

Answer 7

allows wireless devices to a wired network.
Converts radio frequency signals into copper electrical signals in CAT5/6 cables

Question 8

Router

Answer 8

Used to connect two different networks together.
Makes intelligent forwarding decisions from one network to the next based on its IP address

Question 9

Firewall

Answer 9

A device configured with different rules, known as an Access Control List, that scans or blocks traffic that enters or leaves a network
basically a security guard for your network

Question 10

Unified Threat Management (UTM)

Answer 10

Contains a firewall and other features in it, such as spam blockers and antivirus, in one device

Question 11

Patch Panel

Answer 11

Devices that allows cable network jacks into a central area

Question 12

Power Over Ethernet (PoE)

Answer 12

Supplies electrical power from a switch port over an ordinary data cable to power a device

3 levels of PoE:
802.3af: allows least amount of power (13W)
802.3at (PoE+): allows draw of up to 25W
802.3bt (PoE++): supplies power of up to 51W (Type 3) or 73W (Type 4)

requirements to use:
1. switch that supports PoE at any of the three levels
2. Need proper cabling in place to support (CAT6 or above)
3. Power device to use the data and power coming in

Question 13

Power Injector

Answer 13

Used when you dont have a PoE capable switch.
Injects power directly into the network cable

Question 14

Cable Modem

Answer 14

Devices that translates coaxial cable signals into radio frequency waves that can go into your router

Question 15

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL modem)

Answer 15

Converts signal coming in through phone line into something that can be used by your network through a typical copper unshielded twisted pair cable

Question 16

Optical Network Terminal (ONT)

Answer 16

Terminates fiber connection. Converts fiber connection (light signals) into something that can be sent over copper unshielded twisted pair cable)

Question 17

Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Answer 17

a way of virtualizing the network hardware

Question 18

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Answer 18

smallest type of wired ore wireless network and covers the least amount of area
ex: bluetooth, usb

Question 19

Local Area Network (LAN)

Answer 19

connects components in a limited distance
usually within a few hundred ft, typically a small office

Question 20

Ethernet

Answer 20

IEEE 802.3 standard

Question 21

Wi-Fi

Answer 21

IEEE 802.11

Question 22

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Answer 22

Connects LANs that are building centric across a university, industrial park, or business park
span several miles

Question 23

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Answer 23

Connects scattered locations across a city or metro area
up to about 25 miles

Question 24

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Answer 24

Connects geographically disparate internet networks and consists of leased lines or VPNs
Worldwide coverage
Largest WAN is the internet

Question 25

Area Network sizes in order

Answer 25

PAN -> LAN -> CAN -> MAN -> WAN

Question 26

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

Answer 26

a wireless distribution method for two or more devices that creates a LAN wirelessly ex: the WiFi in a home

Question 27

Storage Area Network (SAN)

Answer 27

provisions access to configurable pools of storage devices that can be used by application servers uses technology like Internet SCSI (iSCSI) or Fiber Channel (FC)

Question 28

Small Office, Home Office (SoHo) LAN

Answer 28

a business oriented network that uses a centralized server or simply provides clients access to local devices like printers, file storage, or the Internet

Question 29

Internet of Things

Answer 29

a global network of appliances and personal devices that have been equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity to report state and configuration data ex: Google Home 4 categories: - hub and control systems - smart devices - wearables - sensors

Question 30

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Answer 30

No metal in shielding of cable. Generally cheaper and easier to use 100 meter limit

Question 31

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Answer 31

Each twisted pair is wrapped in metallic foil for shielding to minimize electromagnetic interference. Costs more and harder to manipulate 100 meter limit

Question 32

RJ45

Answer 32

most commonly used connector in our networks used in connecting ethernet 8 pin cable.

Question 33

RJ11

Answer 33

less commonly use cable used in connecting landlines 6 pin cable, only 2 pins used when in a RJ11 config

Question 34

Registered Jack (RJ)

Answer 34

carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or internet

Question 35

Bandwidth

Answer 35

The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred

Question 36

Throughput

Answer 36

The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred

Question 37

Ethernet Standard

Answer 37

a designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used

Question 38

Cat 5

Answer 38

Ethernet Standard: 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) Bandwidth: 100 Mbps Max Distance: 100 meters

Question 39

Cat 5e

Answer 39

Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet) Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps Max Distance: 100 meters

Question 40

Cat 6

Answer 40

Ethernet Standard: 1000 BASE-T | 10GBASE-T Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps | 10 Gbps Max Distance: 100 meters | 55 meters

Question 41

Cat 6a

Answer 41

Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T Bandwidth: 10 Gbps Max Distance: 100 meters

Question 42

Cat 7

Answer 42

Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T Bandwidth: 10 Gbps Max Distance: 100 meters Could use RJ45 or TERA

Question 43

Cat 8

Answer 43

Ethernet Standard: 40GBASE-T Bandwidth: 40 Gbps Max Distance: 30 meters

Question 44

Straight-Through Cable (Patch Cable)

Answer 44

Contains the exact same pinouts on both ends of the cable DTE to DCE DCE to DTE ex: connecting a computer to a switch (DCE to DTE)

Question 45

Crossover Cable

Answer 45

swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable DTE to DTE DCE to DCE ex: connecting a computer to a laptop (DCE to DCE)

Question 46

568B Standard

Answer 46

Preferred when wiring jacks inside buildings Color scheme: orange white, orange, green white, blue, blue white, green, brown white, brown

Question 47

568A Standard

Answer 47

used for crossover cables, 568B will be on other end Swap orange and green pairs Color Scheme: green white, green, orange white, blue, blue white, orange, brown white, brown

Question 48

Medium Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX)

Answer 48

an automated way to simulate having a crossover cable

Question 49

Direct Burial

Answer 49

cables that can be run directly in the ground and can be buried with dirt. Has stronger sheathing and jacket that can withstand more extreme weather conditions

Question 50

Plenum

Answer 50

fire retardant coating placed on the outer insulating jacket of a UTP or STP cable required when placing cable in spaces you cannot see, such as overhead ceiling spaces, walls etc.

Question 51

Non-Plenum

Answer 51

does not have fire retardant coating can be used when plenum cable isnt required

Question 52

Fiber Optic Cable

Answer 52

Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thin glass fiber immune to EMI greater usable range and data capacity

Question 53

Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

Answer 53

Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which only allows for a single mode of travel for the light signal. core size: 8.3-10 microns in diameter Smaller Core size Longer Distance More Expensive

Question 54

Multimode Fiber (MMF)

Answer 54

used for shorter distances (< 2km) and has larger core size which allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal commonly used in place of a copper patch cable core size: 50-100 microns in diameter Larger Core size Shorter Distance Less expensive

Question 55

Subscriber Connector (SC)

Answer 55

low cost, durable, and easy to install need one for send, one for receive has a ridge like a RJ45 remembered as the "stick and click" connector or "square" connector

Question 56

Straight Tip (ST)

Answer 56

low cost, older, and easy to install need one for send, one for receive remembered as the "stick and twist" or "circle" connector

Question 57

Lucent Connector (LC)

Answer 57

looks like a pair of cables attached together remembered as the "love connector"

Question 58

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ)

Answer 58

smallest of the four connectors (half the size) single head with the send and receive pins both on

Question 59

Coaxial Cable (Coax)

Answer 59

One of the oldest categories of copper media still used in networking today. center core of copper, outer shield of braided metal used to prevent data leakage and EMI.

Question 60

RG-6 coax cable

Answer 60

used by local cable company to connect to homes thick version of Coax cable

Question 61

RG-59 coax cable

Answer 61

carries composite video between two devices or connects an outlet to a cable modem

Question 62

F-Type connector

Answer 62

most common coax cable connector. screw on connector that connects to cable box or wall jack

Question 63

BNC connector

Answer 63

used to be used a lot in networking, and still used today, especially in legacy government systems that havent been upgraded.

Question 64

Twinaxial Cable

Answer 64

similar to coax cable but uses two inner conductors for data instead of just one used for short range high speed connections

Question 65

Snip/Cutter

Answer 65

used to cut a piece of cable off a larger spool or run of cable

Question 66

Cable stripper

Answer 66

used to strip off the end of the cable to prepare it for attachment to a connector

Question 67

Cable crimper

Answer 67

used to attach the connector to the end of the cable

Question 68

Cable tester

Answer 68

used to verify the continuity of all eight wires inside a twisted pair cable or other types

Question 69

wire mapping tool

Answer 69

like a cable tester, but specifically for twisted pair ethernet cables

Question 70

cable certifier

Answer 70

used to determine a cable's category and throughput

Question 71

punch down block

Answer 71

terminates the wires and strips off excess insulation and wires that are no longer needed

Question 72

tone generator/toner probe

Answer 72

used to generate a tone on one end of the connection and use the probe to audibly detect the wire connected on the other side

Question 73

loopback adapter/device

Answer 73

facilitates the testing of simple networking issues

Question 74

tap

Answer 74

connects directly to the cable infrastructure and splits or copies those packets for analysis, security, or general network management

Question 75

wireless analyzer

Answer 75

ensures proper coverage and prevents overlaps between wireless access point coverage zones and channels