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AP Government > Section 1.5-1.6 Quiz > Flashcards

Section 1.5-1.6 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutional Convention

A
  • the gathering of 55 state delegates to develop a new constitution (except Rhode Island)
  • took place at the Pennsylvania State House (aka Independence Hall) in Philadelphia
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2
Q

Virginia Plan

A
  • written by James Madison and proposed by Edmund Randolph
  • three-branch government with a national executive chosen by the legislature, a judiciary, and a bicameral legislature
  • people would elect the members of the lower house whose members would let the members of the upper house
  • representation would be based on population in both houses
  • made the national government supreme over the states and set clear limits for each branch
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3
Q

New Jersey Plan

A
  • written by William Paterson
  • assured states their sovereignty through a national government with limited and defined powers
  • no national court system
  • plural executive (council)
  • unicameral legislature with each state having one vote
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4
Q

Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)

A
  • written by Roger Sherman
  • bicameral legislature with House seats being determined by population and each state having 2 Senate seats
  • Representatives elected by the people, Senators elected by state legislatures
  • single executive chosen by the Electoral College
  • national judiciary appointed by the president and approved by the Senate
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5
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A
  • proposed by Roger Sherman and James Wilson
  • only 3 out of 5 enslaved people would be counted to determine representation
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6
Q

Slave Trade Compromise

A

Congress could not stop the importation of slaves for 20 years after ratification

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7
Q

Commerce Compromise

A
  • allowed the government to tax imports but not exports
  • gave the government the ability to regulate trade between states
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8
Q

12th Amendment

A
  • allows for separate elections of the President and Vice President
  • associated with the election of 1800 between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
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9
Q

confederal system

A

a loose gathering of sovereign states for a common purpose

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10
Q

17th Amendment

A

Senators elected by people of a state

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11
Q

elastic clause

A
  • Article I, Section 8, Line 18
  • gives Congress the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for executing its powers
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12
Q

Commander in Chief

A

the president; oversees and manages the U.S. military

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13
Q

State of the Union Address

A

the president’s report on the state of the Union; includes economic, military, social, and policy information

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14
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

created the three-tier federal court system

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15
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

Article IV; requires states to be open about their laws and encourages them to respect one another’s laws

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16
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

Article IV; states cannot play favorites with their own citizens or exclude outsiders from basic privileges and immunities

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17
Q

extradition clause

A
  • Article IV
  • a person who commits a crime in one state and flees to another must be extradited and tried in the state having jurisdiction
  • responsibility of state governors
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18
Q

Saenz v. Roe

A

based on a violation of Article IV’s privileges and immunity clause and the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause (citizens are guaranteed the right to travel and reserve their rights)

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19
Q

supremacy clause

A

Article VI; the Constitution and federal law are the supreme law of the land

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20
Q

Article I

A

creates the legislative branch (bicameral Congress) and outlines qualifications, powers, duties, terms of office, etc.

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21
Q

Article II

A

creates the executive branch/presidency and outlines qualifications, duties, and powers

22
Q

Article III

A

creates the judicial branch and the Supreme Court
- outlines qualifications, jurisdictions, and powers
- establishes trial by jury

23
Q

Article IV

A
  • sanctity of and relationship between states
  • full faith and credit clause
  • rights of citizens
  • admission of new states
  • protection from the government
24
Q

Article V

A

how to amend the Constitution
- proposed by 2/3 of both houses or states, ratified by 3/4 of states or state ratifying conventions

25
Q

Article VI

A
  • supremacy clause
  • national debt
  • oaths of office
26
Q

Article VII

A

original requirements for ratification (9 states)

27
Q

Bill of Rights

A
  • outlines the essential rights that should be given to all citizens
  • first 10 amendments
28
Q

9th Amendment

A

citizens may be guaranteed rights not listed in the Constitution

29
Q

10th Amendment

A

powers delegated and reserved to the states

30
Q

USA PATRIOT Act

A

covers intelligence gathering and sharing by executive branch agencies, points of criminal procedure, and border protection
- sharing information on suspects, wire tapping and cell phone monitoring, sharing grand jury testimony/proceedings, holding illegal immigrants for longer periods

31
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A
  • based on a violation of the 14th Amendment through segregation of train cars
  • established the “separate but equal” clause
32
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A
  • led by Thurgood Marshall
  • argued that the “separate but equal” ideology was harmful to children and facilities for black Americans were inferior to those of white Americans
  • overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, striking down segregation and reinforcing the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment
33
Q

USA Freedom Act

A

set limits for the collection of phone and Internet data under the USA PATRIOT Act

34
Q

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

A

called for improvements in teaching methods, testing to measure progress, and sanctions for underperforming schools

35
Q

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

A

states are free to determine their own standards for educational achievement while still upholding protections for disadvantaged students

36
Q

Race to the Top

A

initiative that offered incentives for states to adopt new national standards or develop their own that require students to be college- and career-ready at graduation

37
Q

How many Representatives and Senators serve in Congress?

A

435 Representatives, 100 Senators

38
Q

lobbyist

A

person paid to represent a group

39
Q

stakeholder

A

people or groups who are affected by policies

40
Q

secretary

A

head of an executive department

41
Q

Cabinet

A

consists of the secretaries of each of the executive departments; advises the president

42
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

A

investigates complaints of discrimination in the workplace

43
Q

Federalist No. 51

A
  • separation of powers and checks and balances guard against tyranny
  • factions; majority rule and minority rights
44
Q

checks and balances

A

enables each branch to limit the powers of the others

45
Q

veto

A

president’s power to reject a bill

46
Q

pocket veto

A

an indirect veto in which the president refuses to sign a bill until the end of a legislative session

47
Q

Congressional override (two-thirds override)

A

Congress can override the president’s veto with a two-thirds super majority vote in each house

48
Q

advice and consent

A

the Senate can suggest appointees and must formally approve most presidential appointments

49
Q

impeachment

A

an accusation of wrongdoing
- charges brought by the House, trial held by the Senate (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides)

50
Q

Electoral College

A
  • body that elects the president
  • made up of electors chosen by the people (# of electors is the number of representatives that a state has in Congress)
51
Q

president’s required duties

A

give the State of the Union address, appoint federal officials, serve as Commander in Chief, make treaties, convene/adjourn Congress, take care that the laws are faithfully executed

52
Q

president’s traditional duties

A

de facto head of party, Chief of State

AP Government (3 decks)

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