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AP Government > Section 2.1-2.2 Quiz > Flashcards

Section 2.1-2.2 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

statute

A

law

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2
Q

reapportionment

A

every 10 years after the census is taken, Congress reallocates House seats based on the state’s population gain or loss

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3
Q

congressional district

A

electoral division of a state that chooses a Representative to represent the people of a designated geographical area; 761,179

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4
Q

17th Amendment

A

gave the people of a state the right to elect their senators; pluralist

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5
Q

Reapportionment Act of 1929

A

set the House’s member count at 435 and mandated the periodic reapportionment and redistribution of seats according to population changes in the census

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6
Q

George Washington’s quote about the Senate

A

“We pour our coffee into a saucer to cool it, we pour legislation into the senatorial saucer to cool it.”

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7
Q

Federalist No. 64

A
  • John Jay points to continuity of the Senate and the reelection of 1/3 senators yearly
  • “By leaving a considerable residue of the old ones [senators] in place, uniformity and order, as well as a constant succession of official information, will be preserved.”
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8
Q

qualifications for Representatives

A
  • at least 25
  • citizen for past 7 years
  • resident of state they represent when elected
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9
Q

qualifications for Senators

A
  • at least 30
  • citizen for past 9 years
  • resident of state they represent when elected
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10
Q

caucuses

A
  • a group of people united around a particular concern or a meeting of the members of a party in a legislative chamber to select party leaders and to develop party policy
  • Democratic Caucus and Republican Party Conference
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11
Q

public policy

A

the laws that govern the U.S.

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12
Q

appropriate

A

spend

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13
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)

A

requires citizens to purchase health insurance and for insurance companies to accept more clients

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14
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

enhanced the president’s authority in conducting military affairs

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15
Q

War Powers Act

A
  • requires the president to inform Congress within 48 hours of committing U.S. forces to combat
  • requires Congress to vote within 60 days, with a possible 30-day extension, to approve any military force and its funding
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16
Q

House’s powers

A
  • priority on revenue bills
  • can select the president if no candidate wins majority in the Electoral College
  • can level impeachment charges
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17
Q

Senate’s powers

A
  • advice and consent: can recommend or reject major presidential appointees
  • must approve any treaty by a two-thirds vote
  • holds impeachment trial and can remove official from office with a two-thirds vote
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18
Q

Mississippi’s 4 Representatives

A

1st District: Trent Kelly
2nd District (Coahoma): Bennie Thompson
3rd District: Michael Guest
4th District: Mike Ezell

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19
Q

Speaker of the House

A
  • the only House leadership position mentioned in the Constitution
  • de facto leader of the majority party
  • recognizes members for floor speeches and comments and controls debate, assigns bills and appoints party members to committee, organizes members for conference committees, second in line for presidential succession
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20
Q

House and Senate minority leaders (floor leaders)

A
  • first members recognized in debates, spokespeople for the minority party
  • direct debate from among their party’s members and guide the discussion from their side
  • House: Hakeem Jeffries
  • Senate: Mitch McConnell
21
Q

whip

A
  • exists in the House and Senate
  • deputy leader, liason between leadership and members of the legislature
  • informs members when important bills will come up for a vote and prepares summaries, keeps a tally of party members’ voting intentions, communicates leadership views to members and convinces them to vote for the party, tries to maintain party discipline
  • Senate whips: Richard Durbin (Democrat, majority), John Thune (Republican, minority)
  • House whips: Tom Emmer (Republican, majority), Katherine Clark (Democrat, minority)
22
Q

President of the Senate

A
  • the vice president
  • doesn’t vote unless in case of a tie
23
Q

president pro tempore

A
  • ceremonial position held by the most senior member of the majority party
  • presides over the Senate in the absence of the vice president, signs legislation, and issues the oath of office to new senators
  • Patty Murray
24
Q

House and Senate majority leaders (floor leaders)

A
  • chief legislators in the majority party, first people recognized in debate, spokespeople for the party
  • plan party strategy and confer with other party leaders, set the legislative calendar/agenda, determine which bills reach the floor for debate
  • House: Steve Scalise (Republican)
  • Senate: Chuck Schumer (Democrat)
25
Q

standing committees

A

permanent committees focused on a particular policy area
- the most durable and the source of most bills

26
Q

Ways and Means Committee

A

a committee exclusive to the House that determines tax policy
- the first to outline deals when proposals are put forward to raise or lower income taxes

27
Q

joint committee

A
  • members of both houses that address a long-term issue or program (mostly routine management or research)
  • oversees the Library of Congress and conducts investigations
28
Q

select/special committee

A

temporary committee that handles a specific issue or investigation

29
Q

germane

A

directly related to the legislation under consideration

30
Q

House Rules Committee

A
  • oversees bills and regulates debate guidelines before they reach the floor
  • assigns bills to the appropriate standing committees, schedules bills for debate, and decides when votes take place
31
Q

Committee of the Whole (House)

A

created to allow longer debate among fewer people and to allow members to vote as a group rather than in an individual roll call
- “rises and reports” bills to the House after it has finished examining/shaping them
- includes all representatives but only 100 must be present
- otherwise nonvoting delegates from U.S. territories can vote

32
Q

discharge petition

A

simple majority # signatures to discharge a bill out of committee and onto the House floor

32
Q

House Judiciary committee

A
  • drafts crime bills that define illegal behavior and outline appropriate punishments
  • handles impeachments
33
Q

filibuster

A

speaking for a long time to block a nomination or to let the time run out on a deadline for voting on a bill
- Strohm Thurmond
- Senate procedure (speaking time is limited in the House except for Speaker and majority and minority leaders)

34
Q

unanimous consent

A

the approval of all senators
- required to suspend debate

35
Q

hold

A

a measure allowing any senator to temporarily block the consideration of either a legislative bill or presidential nomination

36
Q

cloture rule (Rule 22)

A

enables a three-fifths vote for senators to stop a debate or filibuster and allow for a vote
- 16 senators must sign a petition asking for cloture within 2 days
- senators can speak on the measure under consideration for up to an hour

37
Q

Federalist No. 75

A
  • Hamilton pointed to the continuity of the Senate and stated that it should handle treaties and foreign affairs
  • “Because of the fluctuating and… multitudinous composition of the House, we can’t expect it in those qualities… essential to the proper execution of such a trust.”
38
Q

congressional oversight

A

the responsibility to question executive branch officials to see whether their agencies are complying with the wishes of Congress and conducting their programs efficiently

39
Q

markup session

A

a process by which a bill is edited

40
Q

chief of staff

A

Congressional lawmaker’s office runner/assistant

41
Q

quorum

A

the number of members needed to hold a vote or conduct business

42
Q

foreign and military powers of Congress

A
  • declare war
  • fund the military, foreign endeavors, and foreign aid
  • oversight of the State and Defense departments and relevant agencies
  • military draft
  • confirm presidential nominations (Senate)
  • ratify treaties (Senate)
43
Q

foreign and military powers of the President

A
  • Commander in Chief
  • appoints ambassadors and receives foreign ministers
  • negotiates treaties
  • issues executive orders than can impact foreign policy
  • makes executive agreements with other heads of state
  • commissions U.S. military officers
44
Q

executive orders vs. executive agreements

A
  • executive orders: orders made to officers and agencies of the federal government
  • executive agreements: international agreements made with other countries that don’t need Senate approval
45
Q

incumbency effect

A

tendency of an existing officeholder to win another election

46
Q

vice chair (“ranking member”)

A

the senior committee member from the minority party

47
Q

25th Amendment

A

the president pro tem takes the office of vice president if a vacancy occurs

AP Government (3 decks)

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