Section 2 Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
What did Martin Luther do in 1517 that Henry criticised?
A
Pinned his 95 theses to the door of Wittenburg Cathedral
2
Q
When did Henry cease marital relations with Catherine of Aragon?
A
1524
3
Q
In what year did the Spanish Ambassador Chapuys report that Henry VIII had organised a secret meeting to discuss a potential annulment?
A
1527
4
Q
When was Blackfriar’s Court?
A
1529
5
Q
When did Thomas More become Chancellor and who did he replace?
A
1529; Wolsey
6
Q
Who was the Pope’s emissary at Blackfriar’s Court?
A
Cardinal Campeggio
7
Q
Who were Catherine of Aragon’s national supporters?
A
Thomas More and John Fisher
8
Q
Who were Catherine of Aragon’s international supporters?
A
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
9
Q
In what year did Henry become interested in Anne?
A
1526
10
Q
Who gave Henry a copy of “A Supplication for the Beggars”
A
Anne Boleyn
11
Q
When were Henry and Anne married and who conducted the service?
A
1533; Thomas Cranmer
12
Q
Who were the two members of the King’s household who spoke in defence of Catherine of Aragon?
A
Sir Nicholas Carew and Sir Henry Guildford
13
Q
Which two Lords supported Catherine of Aragon?
A
Lords Darcy and Hussey
14
Q
In what year was Anne Boleyn executed?
A
1536
15
Q
When did Catherine of Aragon die?
A
1536
16
Q
When did Thomas Cranmer become Archbishop of Canterbury and who did he replace?
A
1532; William Warham
17
Q
Why did William Warham annoy Henry VIII?
A
He stuck with the papal line against his annulment
18
Q
What was Anne Boleyn’s coronation used for and how?
A
To manage public opinion and gain support for the break with Rome; it was full of symbolism for a new beginning
19
Q
What happened in 1536 that is thought to have made Henry a tyrant?
A
A jousting accident
20
Q
From which book in the Bible did Henry use to justify the calls of the illegitimacy of his marriage to Catherine due to her previous marriage to his brother Arthur?
A
Leviticus (20:21)
21
Q
What evidence is there that Henry VIII was a convinced Catholic in 1529?
A
His attacks on Martin Luther’s 95 thesis and daily attendance at mass and going on pilgrimage to Walsingham
22
Q
What was the relationship between Catherine and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain?
A
He was her nephew
23
Q
Who was the Spanish ambassador to England who kept Charles informed about Henry’s marital situation?
A
Eustace Chapuys
24
Q
Who was the Bishop of Rochester who supported Catherine and was later executed for treason?
A
John Fisher
25
When and why was John Fisher executed?
1535; for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy
26
When was Act to Remove Benefit of Clergy passed by Parliament?
1529
27
When were Praemunire charges brought against leading Churchmen
1530
28
When was the Submission of the Clergy passed?
1532
29
When was the Supplication of the Ordinaries passed?
1532
30
When was the Act to Remove Annates?
1532
31
When was the Act in restraint of Appeals?
1533
32
What three acts were passed in 1534?
Act forbidding Papal Dispensation and the Payment of Peter's Pence
Act of Succession
Act of Supremacy
33
Explain what a charge of Praemunire means
To appeal to a power outside of the realm for the resolution of a situation within England that is under the jurisdiction of the crown
34
What was the Supplication against the Ordinaries
This was a petition made by the MPs that complained that the clergy had excessive powers and control; some of those listed included mortuary fees, the number of Holy Days, and the way the Church gained money
35
Explain what is meant by Annates
A payment made by English bishops to the Church in Rome during their first year from the income paid to them by the Diocese
36
Who denied the Act of Supremacy and were executed and when?
1535; Thomas More and John Fisher
37
When did Henry add the title of Supreme Head of the Church to his name?
1535 although power came from Act of Supremacy, 1534
38
What did the Order of the Preachers restrict/prevent and when was it published?
1535; prevented Priests from talking about controversial ideas, telling them what not to talk about in their sermons, such as evangelical ideas
39
What and when was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?
1535; A full audit of Church property instigated by Cromwell that provided Henry with the opportunity to dissolve the monasteries
40
How much did Henry charge the clergymen to remove the charge of Praemunire?
£100,000
41
How many clergymen were accused of Praemunire in 1530?
15
42
What complaints were issued in the Supplication against the Ordinaries (1532)?
```
The number of Holy Days
Untrue charges of heresy
Mortuary fees
Tax sizes
Excessive amounts of power
```
43
When was the Act to Remove Annates?
1532
44
What was unusual about the Act to remove Annates that had not previously been seen in 1532?
It did not receive full support from the House of Commons. Henry VIII himself was present in Parliament to see it through.
45
What powers did Henry gain from the Act of Supremacy?
He held the right to collect the First Fruit and Tenths and it became treasonous to call the king a heretic or schismatic
46
What is the Collectanea Stasis Capiosa and when was it compiled?
1530; A collection of historical documents forming an argument that kings had no superiors on Earth
47
Who was Elizabeth Barton?
A servant girl who claimed to have visions from God - she met Henry twice
48
When did Thomas More resign as Chancellor?
1532
49
What was different about the reformation parliament of 1529?
The bills were put forward by the king's ministers instead of MPs
50
Which Act of succession made Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate?
Second
51
When was Cromwell appointed Vicegerent and what did that give him?
1535; power over the administration of the Church
52
Who in Henry's council was an evangelical?
Cromwell
53
Whose beliefs did the Order of the Preachers try to prevent spreading?
Evangelicals
54
When were Cromwell's injunctions and what did they require?
1536; required every parish to have a Bible in English
55
What is the date range of the 'Reformation Parliament'?
1529-36
56
Who in the church were most parliamentarians most concerned with at the opening of parliament?
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey
57
What positions in the church did Wolsey hold in 1529?
Cardinal, Archbishop of York, Bishop of Winchester and Bishop of Durham
58
The Act to remove the Annates in 1532 involved what?
Ending payments from the English church to Rome
59
What was the effect of the Act for the Restraint of Appeals in 1533?
The end of Papal authority on church matters in England
60
What was the effect of the Act of Succession of 1534?
Henry's marriage to Catherine declared illegitimate, children of Anne declared next in line to the throne and those not swearing an oath acknowledging this would be committing treason
61
What type of laws were passed during this Parliament? What does this mean?
Statute laws, sometimes referred to as "King in Parliament" (laws made by the Parliament and King together) are more effective than laws made by Parliament or the King alone
62
When was Elizabeth Barton executed and why?
1534; for treason (claiming the king would die if he married Anne)
63
When and why were the Carthusian monks executed?
1535; for refusing to take the oath of Supremacy
64
When and why was Thomas More executed?
1535; for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy
65
What did Cromwell do when he came into power after More?
He shifted legislation from putting pressure on the Pope to creating an independent state
66
Who married Henry VIII after Anne Boleyn?
Jane Seymour
67
Who was in charge of orchestrating the death of Anne Boleyn?
Thomas Cromwell
68
Who's influence would be increased through the Boleyn marriage and who was his biggest rival?
Duke of Norfolk; Wolsey
69
When was Cromwell confirmed as Chief Minister and Principal Secretary?
1534
70
What was Cranmer's role in the Boleyn faction?
Providing intellectual justifications for the divorce
71
Who was the most senior member of the Boleyn faction at court?
Duke of Norfolk
72
Who is deemed to have been responsible for the management of parliament during the so called Reformation Parliament?
Thomas Cromwell
73
Who did Thomas Cromwell replace as the King's principal advisor?
Thomas More
74
Where was Anne Boleyn coronated queen of England in 1533?
Westminster Abbey
75
Thomas More was executed for treason in 1535 based on what act of parliament?
Act of Supremacy
76
What Bishop was executed in 1535 for his refusal to swear the oath of loyalty to Henry VIII acknowledging him as Supreme Head of the Church and Anne Boleyn as the Queen?
John Fisher
77
Who prophesied that Henry would die a year after divorcing Catherine?
Elizabeth Barton
78
Where is Catherine of Arragon buried?
Peterborough Cathedral
79
Anne Boleyn was tried and executed for treason in May 1536. What was she accused of?
Affairs with members of court and her brother
80
Who was responsible for providing the evidence against Anne?
Thomas Cromwell
81
Henry's next wife Jane Seymour, held what position when she met Henry?
Lady in waiting to Anne Boleyn
82
How long did Henry wait to marry Jane Seymour after the execution of Anne
10 days
83
What was the purpose of the Second Act of Succession of 1536?
Declare Mary and Elizabeth as illegitimate and declare Edward as the sole heir to the throne
84
What position in the Church did Cromwell use to direct the church practices away from traditional Catholicism?
Vicegerent
85
What was the key part of the Injunctions introduced by Cromwell in 1536?
Every parish had to have an English Bible
86
Who were the two key powers in Europe during the 1520s?
Charles V and Francis I (The Roman Empire and France) who were fighting over Italian territory
87
What is the balance of power?
No one power on its own had the forces to defeat another on its own without a third party (this third party holds the balance of power)
88
When did Henry and Anne visit Francis I and what was his reaction?
1532; he refused to greet Anne but his treatment of Henry was sufficient recognition of their relationship for them to sleep together for the first time
89
Why did Wolsey encourage Anne's relationship with Henry?
To cultivate their links with France to make England hold the Balance of Power
90
Why wouldn't Henry marry Anne without Francis I's approval?
The two biggest powers in Europe would be against him
91
Why was Reginald Pole important?
Strong claim to throne
92
What did Henry try to bribe Pole with? Why?
Archbishopric of York; support annulment publicly
93
Who are two royal Humanists?
Henry and Catherine
94
When was Mary born? To who?
1516; Catherine
95
Which Old Testament book objects annulment?
Deuteronomy 25:1 Marry your brother’s widow
96
When Eustace Chapuys Imperial Ambassador to the English court?
1529-45
97
Who did Eustace Chapuys support in England? Why?
Catherine; Humanist
98
What was Catherine’s reason for believing in the legitimacy of her marriage?
Received papal dispensation to marry Henry
99
When did Henry confront Catherine regarding an annulment?
1527
100
Who did Henry rely on to seek an annulment from the Pope? Why?
Wolsey; Legatus a latere
101
Why did Wolsey fall out of favour with Henry?
Failed to produce an annulment despite assuring him
102
How many books did John Fisher write in support of Catherine’s marriage?
7
103
Who is believed to be the real author of the attack on Martin Luther?
John Fisher
104
Why was the Pope reluctant to respond to the annulment?
Held captive in Castel San Angelo by Charles V
105
Who were Catherine’s intellectual supporters in Europe? What did they argue?
European scholars; Argued Henry misinterpreted Levitican text
106
Why did Wolsey choose France over Spain for stronger ties?
Anne had close links with the French court
107
What did Anne give to Henry VIII?
Supplication of the Beggars
108
When was the Supplication of the Beggars written? By who?
1529; Simon Fish
109
Whose case was brought up in Parliament to highlight anticlericalism?
Richard Hunne
110
When was the Act Of Attainder passed against Wolsey? What did it do?
1529; confiscate his property
111
What is Thomas Cromwell’s background?
From banking family in Netherlands - sympathetic to new religious ideas
112
When was Cromwell made a Privy Councillor?
1530
113
When did the convocation meet?
1531
114
Why did the convocation accept Henry’s terms?
Weakened by the fall of Wolsey
115
What clause was added to Henry’s title? Why?
“As far as the word of God allows” - continued belief in canon law
116
Who presented the grievances to Parliament in 1532?
Edward Hall; Supplication of the Ordinaries
117
Why did the Pope not take Henry’s Acts seriously?
Regarded them as temporary
118
What was the impact of the Act for Restraint of Appeals, 1533?
1533; Convocation of Canterbury claims only English Court could nullify marriage, not Pope
119
Who designed the Act for Restraint of Appeals? Why?
Cromwell; To prevent Catherine from seeking support from Rome
120
Who was given the right to elect bishops and abbots in 1534?
King
121
When was Catherine banished from court?
1533
122
Why was the Pope unable to respond to appeals?
Acts passed by Parliament
123
Who did Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cranmer have the support of?
Cromwell
124
What did Henry use as justification to seize legal powers to grant the annulment?
The Pope’s silence
125
When was Thomas More made Chancellor?
1529
126
When did More resign? [detail]
Day after the Submission of the Clergy
127
When was More invited to Anne’ ls coronation? What was the outcome?
1533; Didn’t attend which infuriated Henry
128
Who supplied evidence against Thomas More on charges of treason?
Richard Rich, Solicitor General
129
How many Carthusian Monks refused to take the oath?
5
130
Who were Carthusian Monks to Henry?
Spiritual advisers
131
What did Henry’s execution of the Monks, Barton, More and Anne show?
Henry was unwilling to compromise on his wants
132
Who was Jane Seymour’s father?
Sir John Seymour
133
What influenced political and religious policy by 1536?
Councillors, domestic and foreign affairs, Henry’s own beliefs
134
What did Evangelicals question about Catholicism?
Power of priesthood and salvation
135
What word did Tyndale translate differently?
Catholic translation of “charity” to “love”
136
Which topics did the Order of the Preachers 1535 restrict?
Purgatory, priest wives, salvation by faith
137
How much had changed structurally in the Church by 1536?
Not much structurally; Episcopal system remained
138
What did Cromwell plan to do with Church wealth?
Fund Henry’s defensive and expansive methods; invasion of France
