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H - 2D > Section 5 > Flashcards

Section 5 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Charles V offer Mary an escape?

A

1550

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2
Q

When was Lady Jane Grey crowned?

A

10th July 1553

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3
Q

Which area in particular supported Mary’s claim and when did they start to show their support?

A

East Anglia; 12th July 1553

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4
Q

When did Northumberland set out against Mary and how many troops did he have?

A

13th July 1553; 2000

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5
Q

When did Northumberland have to retreat from his attack on Mary and why?

A

17th July 1553; His forces deserted after rumours spread that Mary had 30,000 troops

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6
Q

When did the Privy Council announce from the Tower that Mary was queen and they had made a mistake?

A

19th July 1553

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7
Q

When was Northumberland executed?

A

22nd August 1553

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8
Q

When was Mary I crowned?

A

1553

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9
Q

What relation was Charles V to Mary?

A

Cousin

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10
Q

When was Mary’s marriage publicised?

A

Jan 1554

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11
Q

How many conditions did parliament make for the marriage contract?

A

8

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12
Q

What was one condition given for Mary’s marriage?

A

Philip would be joint sovereign, and hold no individual power without Mary

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13
Q

Who was Mary’s other suitor?

A

An English noble called Edward Courtenay

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14
Q

Who supported Edward Courtenay?

A

Stephen Gardiner

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15
Q

Who supported Mary’s choice in a husband?

A

William Paget

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16
Q

Why did the Privy Council have to accept Mary’s marriage?

A

The third act of succession stated it, although they did try to persuade her to change her mind

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17
Q

Who was Mary’s heir on her accession?

A

Mary Queen of Scots

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18
Q

Why did Philip disapprove of Mary Queen of Scots as Mary’s heir?

A

She was engaged to the dauphin of France

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19
Q

Define dauphin

A

Heir

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20
Q

What does Mary’s accession tell us about Catholicism in 1553?

A

It was still a political force despite the efforts of the Edwardian regime

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21
Q

Who were Mary’s most influential advisors?

A

Cardinal Pole, Charles V and Simon Renard

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22
Q

What was unusual about Mary’s Privy Chamber?

A

It was made up of women

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23
Q

When was the first parliament?

A

Aug - Sept 1553

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24
Q

What were the issues in Mary’s first parliament?

A

Mary’s marriage

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25
Q

What did the first Parliament achieve?

A

Restored the service in place in 1547 and repealed most of Edward’s religious legislation

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26
Q

How did Mary organise her Privy Council which was different to Henry and Edward?

A

It had both Catholics and Reformers

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27
Q

What was Pope Julius III’s view on the restoration?

A

England could only return to the fold if all monastery land was returned

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28
Q

What title did Cardinal Pole hold in England during Mary’s reign?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

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29
Q

When was the council of Trent?

A

1545 - 1563

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30
Q

What did the council of Trent do?

A

Allowed clergymen to come together and form a defence for all the aspects of Catholicism disputed by Protestants

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31
Q

When was the act of repeal that reinstated the six articles?

A

1553

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32
Q

When was the second parliament?

A

1554

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33
Q

When was it agreed that monastery land would not be returned to the Church?

A

1554

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34
Q

When was the second act of repeal and what did this do?

A

1554; reversed all anti-papal legislation

35
Q

What did the second parliament do?

A

The only bill to be passed was the restoration of the bishopric of Durham; other proposed bills included statutes against Lollards and heretics

36
Q

When was the third parliament?

A

Nov 1554

37
Q

What did the third parliament do?

A

A statute of repeal returned religion to that of 1529 on the agreement that monastic lands would not be returned to the Church

38
Q

When did Julius III die and who was his successor?

A

1555; Pope Paul IV

39
Q

When were the heresy laws reintroduced?

A

1555

40
Q

When was the Act for the Taking of the Musters and the Weapons Act?

A

1558

41
Q

What did the synod do under Pole and when?

A

1556; Issued twelve decrees on clerical discipline against abuses

42
Q

When was Pole recalled to Rome and by who?

A

1557; Pope Paul IV

43
Q

When did Mary’s burnings begin?

A

1555

44
Q

Who were the Oxford martyrs and when were they burned?

A

Bishop Hooper, Bishop Ridley and Hugh Latimer; 1555

45
Q

Why did persecutions begin?

A

The reintroduction of heresy laws in 1555

46
Q

How many members of the clergy were burned between 1555 and 1557?

A

21

47
Q

Who was burned while giving birth and her baby was thrown back on the fire after she threw it from the flames?

A

Perotine Massey

48
Q

What belief system did Mary’s Catholicism centre around?

A

Humanism

49
Q

How many editions of the Sarum Primer were made?

A

35

50
Q

How many editions of primers were made during Edward’s reign?

A

17

51
Q

What Catholic practices were left out of Mary’s reforms?

A

Icons and pilgrimages

52
Q

Which group did Pole refuse help from?

A

The Jesuits

53
Q

How many copies of Bonner’s book were published?

A

10,000

54
Q

Who did Mary use to reform the Church without including rituals?

A

Oxford academics

55
Q

Give an example of a Protestant book widely circulated during Mary’s reign

A

The Hunting of the Romish Wolf

56
Q

What wider changes hindered Mary’s reforms?

A

Paul IV becoming pope in 1555

57
Q

When did the counter-reformation begin?

A

1545 with the Council of Trent

58
Q

How many exiles did Mary make?

A

4000

59
Q

How did Hull react to the persecutions?

A

They drove their priest out of town

60
Q

How did Suffolk react to the persecutions?

A

They put out their fires so the coal could not be used for pyres

61
Q

When did burnings peak?

A

1557

62
Q

When did the burnings begin?

A

1555

63
Q

When was Cranmer burned?

A

1556

64
Q

When were the Oxford martyrs burned?

A

1555

65
Q

What reform did Mary plan but died before she could perform it?

A

A recoinage programme to reduce debasement/inflation

66
Q

When were crown finances restructured and what did this give the Treasury?

A

1552; Control over 75% of the crown income instead of the previous 30%

67
Q

How many new ships did Mary build?

A

Six

68
Q

How much extra money did the crown earn in 1558 and why?

A

£29,000; Mary surveyed crown holdings and increased rent on crown land

69
Q

When was Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

Jan 1554

70
Q

What was Wyatt’s rebellion caused by?

A

The marriage proposal between Mary and Philip II

71
Q

What was the aim of Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

To put Lady Jane Grey or Elizabeth on the throne

72
Q

Why was Wyatt so xenophobic towards the Spanish?

A

He had witnessed the Spanish inquisition

73
Q

Who were the two other leaders of Wyatt’s rebellion who failed to create an uprising?

A

Croft and Suffolk

74
Q

Where did Mary block the rebels from entering London?

A

London Bridge

75
Q

How long did Wyatt stay on the bank of the Thames?

A

8 days

76
Q

Where did Wyatt delay?

A

The bishop of Winchester’s castle

77
Q

When did Mary enter the war with France?

A

1557

78
Q

What triggered England’s involvement in the war?

A

An attack on Scarborough in April 1557

79
Q

What did the Privy Council do in 1557 to indicate their position on the war?

A

Refused Philip’s plea for help in the war

80
Q

Why were Mary’s reforms hindered by the war with France?

A

The Pope supported France

81
Q

Why was England important in the war?

A

The war had moved to the English channel

82
Q

What happened as a result of the war?

A

Calais was lost to the French

83
Q

Why was Calais lost?

A

It was understocked and undermanned

84
Q

Other than being a figurehead, what was Lady Jane Grey’s link to Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

Her father, the Duke of Suffolk, helped organise it

H - 2D (8 decks)

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