Section 2 Bio Flashcards
(31 cards)
Cell membrane
-Acts as a protective barrier.
-Allows for transport of materials into and waste out of the cell.
-Because its outer layer has receptor proteins, it is important in cell communication.
Cell Wall
Found only in plants and bacteria.
-a rigid frame that gives plant cells strength and support.
-is part of what allows plants to grow very tall but remain strong.
Cytoplasm
-A gel like substance that gives the cell structure.
-the organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and can move around through the process of cytoplasmic streaming.
Cytoskeleton
-Filaments inside the cytoplasm that act like a framework.
-similar to the role that your Skelton plays in your body
Nucleus
-Contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell.
-Directs all cellular activities, including mitosis.
Vacuole
-membrane-bound structures that stores water in plants.
-Turgor pressure makes the plant cell firm (or turgid)
-if the vacuole is not full, the cells become weak and the plant wilts.
Vesicles
Small bubbles with the small structure as the cell membrane.
-transport substances throughout the cell.
Golgi apparatus
-Flat discs involved in packaging and transport.
-Receives the products assembled in the ER and transports them out of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-series of tubes branching off the nuclear envelope
Rough ER
-Has a grainy appearance due to the attached ribosomes
-responsible for synthesizing proteins
Ribosomes
-granules attached to the ER
-take amino acid building blocks and assemble them into proteins.
Smooth ER
-has a smooth appearance
-takes lipid building blocks and assembles fats and oils.
lysosomes
-membrane-bound sacs containing strong digestive enzymes.
-kill invading bacteria and destroy damages cell organelles.
-if a cell malfunctions, its lysosomes will burst and kill the cell before an infection spreads.
Chloroplasts
-found only in plants
-contain a green pigment called chlorophyll.
-site of photosynthesis
-converts the suns energy into glucose and O2
Mitochondria
-site of Cellular respiration
-chemical energy (glucose) is converted into usable energy for the cell.
-cells with higher energy needs are packed with mitochondria.
what are the 5 differences between Plant and Animal cells?
-Plants have cell walls
-plants store energy as starches and oils, animals as glycogen or fats.
-animal cells have more mitochondria because their energy needs are higher
-plant cells have chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
-Plant cells have a large central vacuole.
what are Lipids?
Fats and Oils
What are Carbohydrates?
Sugars, Starches, Glycogen
What are nucleic Acids?
They make up DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
particle model of matter
-All matter is made of particles, but they may be different in size and composition.
-the particles are constantly moving, and move least in solids and most in gases.
-The particles of matter are attached to one another or bonded together.
-Particles have spaces between them, and are typically greatest in gases and smallets in solids.
What does Semi-permeable
it allows some substances to pass through, but not everything.
what is passive and active transportation?
passive transportation does not take energy to pass through the cell membrane.
in active transportation, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
what is diffusion?
method of transport for molecules that are fat-soluble, or very small molecules like
O2 and CO2. because these molecules either dissolve or they are small, they have no restrictions. (passive transport)
what is osmosis?
similar to diffusion except deals with solely with the movement of water molecules. (passive transport)
