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Section 2 - People in business (Chap 6 - 9) Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of resources

A

-human
-physical

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2
Q

what do humans need

A

motivation

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3
Q

reasons people work

A

-money
-enjoyment
-fame
-relationships

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4
Q

benefits of motivated worker

A

-more output
-less absent
-more quality output
-less accidents
-less waste
-less people leave job

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5
Q

Define Maslow motivation hierarchy

A

-basic needs
-safety = job security / environment
-social = relationships
-esteem = pride / prestige
-self-actualisation

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6
Q

Maslow motivation hierarchy - lower needs

A

-basic needs
-safety = job security / environment

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7
Q

Maslow motivation hierarchy - higher needs

A

-social = relationships
-esteem = pride / prestige
-self-actualisation

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8
Q

define Taylor Scientific Management

A

-people only work for money; more money = work harder
-division of labor
-piece rate

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9
Q

define piece rate

A

-workers are paid how much they work
-no fixed salary
-usually for low level workers

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10
Q

define Herzberg 2 factor theory

A

-hygiene factor = salary, security, relationships, work conditions
-motivation - achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility
-hygiene prevent unhappy; motivation keep happy

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11
Q

permanent and temporary motivation

A

-financial = temporary
-non- financial = permanent

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12
Q

ways for financial motivation

A

-wage
-salary
-bonus
-profit sharing

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13
Q

define overtime

A

paid work for extra hours

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14
Q

define wage

A

-weekly payment at:
-time rate = per hour
-piece rate = how much your produce
-usually for low level workers

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15
Q

define salary

A

-monthly payment
-usually for high level workers

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16
Q

define bonus

A

-extra money on special occasions

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17
Q

define profit sharing

A

-agreement where a portion of profits is shared with workers

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18
Q

why doesn’t financial motivation work

A

-it becomes and expectation

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19
Q

ways for non-financial motivation

A

-job rotation
-job enlargement
-job enrichment
-group work
-training
-fringe benefits
-promotion

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20
Q

define job rotation

A

-workers rotate jobs
-can get more skill
-usually low level

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21
Q

define job enlargement

A

-giving more variety of work
-can overload on people and may demand more pay

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22
Q

define fringe benefits

A

-anything extra besides salary/ wage

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23
Q

define promotion

A

-higher position

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24
Q

define job enrichment

A

-more responsibilities givens to make job more challenging and meaningful
-usually for high level workers

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25
define training
-teaching workers new skills -cost money -can cause jealousy
26
define group work
-workers work tgt on a task -motivated by teamwork -work is divided
27
what does an organizational chart do
defines structure
28
define line manager
-person on directly on top of you
29
define subordinate
-people below you
30
define chain of command
-structure which explains who to report to for communication
31
define span of control
-no. subordinates working directly under you
32
what happens of chain of command is too long
-risk of info changing
33
2 span structures
-tall- bad com., good management -wide- good com., bad management
34
define managers
-people who manage things by delegation tasks to workers -try to keep workers happy & get work done
35
define delegation
-assigning tasks to other people -gives authority to person
36
define power
-people will listen without needing title
37
define authority
-people will listen because of title
38
what happens after you get authority
-your accountable for actions
39
advantages of delegation
-less work for manager -less likely to make mistakes as a manager -positive motivation for worker
40
how is delegation given
delectation - authority - accountability - responsibility
41
disadvantages of delegation
-worker makes mistakes -worker might not be responsible enough
42
types of leaders
-Autocratic = strict; care abt job only -democratic = care abt workers & job -Laissez- faire = minimalistic; let works do work on own
43
Qualities of autocratic leader
-punishment motivation -quick decisions -good at crisis -workers can't make decisions/ suggest -for low level workers
44
Qualities of democratic leader
-balance btw work & keeping workers happy -lots of consultation with workers -delay in decisions making
45
Qualities of laissez- faire leader
-not bothered much -expects workers to know what to do -doesn't make decisions -workers can be creative -for high level workers
46
functions of a manager
-Planning - setting aims for the business such as sales targets of increasing output -Organizing - organizes the tasks for the employees -Coordinating – the tasks for production -Commanding - instructing the employees on how to manufacture the new products -controlling - control the employees so they meet required output per week
47
what is a good leader
-someone who can adapt to the situation
48
define trade union
-person that represents workers & fights for their rights
49
Things abt trade union
-legally recognised -office cannot oppose to union -optional to join -may have membership fee strength in no.s -can protest, strike & close business
50
define strike
-workers refuse to work
51
define recrutement
-process of finding workers eg. online, ads
52
what happens after recruitment
-selection, (training) eg. interview, test, prequalification,
53
what does selection do
-filters recruits
54
define Job analysis
-doc on the roles & responsibilities on the job
55
define job description
-doc that description on the roles & responsibilities of the job
56
define job specification
-doc that lists qualities, education & requirements the company looks for in the person being hired
57
2 types of recruitment
-internal = within org -external = outside org
58
advantages of internal recruitment
-quicker -alr know person -don't have to train -don't have to advertise -motivates worker
59
disadvantages of internal recruitment
-jealousy among workers - worker is not qualified eneough
60
advantages of external recruitment
-brings new ideas
61
disadvantages of external recruitment
-costly -time-consuming -have to train -have to advertise
62
where can you advertise
-local news -specialist magazine -online websites -recruiting agent -job center ( run by gov.) -collages & Uni
63
what does job advertisement include
-job description -type of person wanted -salary -details on how to apply
64
Ways to apply for job
-letter of application = why you're right candidate for job; try to convince person -Curriculum Vitae (CV) = Resume = list of: -Name -DOB -Address -Email ID -tele. no. -nationality -education -qualifications -personal interests -work experience = positions you might have held -2 refrences
65
why must recruitments have training
-show how company operates -person is more motivated to work -more efficiency for person -less accidents (cost money)
66
Types of training
-introduction = worker is told abt business -on the job = working with a mentor -off the job = send them to another org to train
67
advantages of on the job training
-see thing irl
68
disadvantages of on the job training
-worker is absent -bad habits pass on
69
advantages of off the job training
-worker learns new skills from experts -worker is motivated
70
disadvantages of off the job training
-expensive -worker is absent
71
define downsizing
reducing size of workers
72
define automation
-machines take over human work
73
reasons why there is downsizing
-automation -relocating business -closing -merging -can't afford to keep
74
types of downsizing
-dismissal = worker fault -redundancy = not work fault
75
Things on redundancy of workers
-no use for worker = worker leave -give redundancy payment = extra money -need sufficient reason
76
Things on dismissal of workers
-bad performance = worker leaves -give 1 months notice -need sufficient reason -need to follow procedures: verbal waring, written waring, 1 month notice bad performance: -incompetency = not capable to do job -misconduct = inappropriate behavior -breaking the law
77
define employment contract
-contract which states the rights and responsibilities of the employee & employer has: -Names -job title -job description -work hours -data of employment -salary -overtime fringe benefits -entitled leave -tax cut -penalty if contract is breached signatures
78
Use of employment contract
-job security -prevents disputes -gives good idea on what to do for worker
79
define industrial tribunal
-people who decide is a reason of dismissal is valid or not
80
types of discrimination
-race/ colour -religion -gender -age -disability
81
impact of discrimination
-not efficient work -demotivate
82
impacts of minimum wage
-made by law -motivates workers
83
types of health & safety at workplace
-cater to health as much as possible -costly eg. warning signs, safety gears, evacuation area
84
impacts of effective com.
-more work -motivates people
85
define barriers of com.
-anything that disrupts com. 1)-problems with sender language, accents, jargon 2)-problems with medium 3)-problems with receiver: bad mood, not motivated, overconfident 4)-problems with feedback: not allowed 5)-other: resource, noise, distance
86
how to com. cycle work
-sender - msg through medium - receiver - feedback - sender
87
types of com.
-internal = com in company - eg. online, face to face -external = com in company - eg. emails, calls, letters -1 way - without expecting feedback (not effective) -2 way - expect feedback (good motivation) -formal: in work -informal: outside work
88
define feedback
-seeking clarification & suggestions
89
types of mediums for com
-verbal - eg. meeting, interview -written - eg. letter, email -visual - eg. videos, powerpoint
90
advantages of verbal medium
-fast -quick feedback -2 way com. -see person's body language -most effective
91
disadvantages of verbal medium
-might not reach everyone -no record - can deny it
92
advantages of written medium
-record of it -good for lots of info -many people can see at same time
93
disadvantages of written medium
-no quick feedback -not everyone checks/ reads it -languages may not be understandable -1 way com
94
advantages of visual medium
-very hands on - appealing -easier to understand
95
types of direction of com
-downward: high level to low level = orders -upward: low level to high level = feedback -horizontal: same level
96
disadvantages of visual medium
-1 way com -time consuming -expensive -lots of effort

business (9 decks)

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