Section 2C Flashcards
(37 cards)
Role of the “exocrine” pancreas?
Produce pancreatic juice
Endocrine pancreas produces what two things and is involved in what important role in the body?
Production of Insulin and Glucagon
Involved in plasma glucose regulation
What two main things make up the pancreatic juice
HCO3 to neutralize the gastric acid
Many digestive enzymes
What is the pH of pancreatic juice?
7.6-8.2
Pancreatic juice travels from the pancreas to what organ via what duct?
To the small duodenum via the main pancreatic duct
About how much pancreatic juice is secreted per day
About 1500 mL
Other than pancreatic juice, what other two secretions help neutralize gastric acid in the small intestine? What do they raise the pH in the duodenum to?
Bile and Intestinal juices
pH: raised to 6.0-7.0
What two sphincters combine to form the sphincter of Oddi?
Bile duct sphincter
Pancreatic duct sphincter
Name the 9 specific enzymes found in pancreatic juice
- Pancreatic amylase
- Pancreatic lipase
- Colipase
- Trypsinogen
- Chymotrypsinogen
- Procarboxypeptidase
- Proelastase
- Ribonuclease
- Deoxyribonuclease
What state are proteases in when secreted in the pancreatic juice?
They are “inactive” pro-enzymes that need to be activated
What is the active form of Trypsinogen and what enzyme catalyzes the reaction? When does this activation occur?
Trypsinogen –> Trypsin
Enzyme: Enterokinase (also known as Enteropeptidase)
Occurs when the pancreatic juice enters the duodenum
Trypsin is important. What three enzymes does trypsin activate and what is their activated name?
- Chymotrypsinogen –> Chymotrypsin
- Procarboxypeptidase –> Carboxypeptidase
- Proelastase –> Elastase
An Enterokinase deficiency may lead to what?
It may occur as a congenital abnormality, which leads to protein malnutrition
What are trypsin inhibitors and why are they important?
Trypsin inhibitors block the action of trypsin. They are found in pancreatic tissue in case trypsin leads to a chain reaction of pancreatic enzymes becoming active that are capable of digesting the pancreas
Secretions of pancreatic juice are primarily under what type of control?
Hormonal control
What is the difference in affects of Secretin and CCK on the makeup of pancreatic juice?
Secretin: stimulates pancreas to make pancreatic juice that is RICH in HCO3- and LOW in enzymes
CCK: Stimulates pancreas to make pancreatic juice LOW in HCO3- and RICH in enzymes
Is there any neural control in the release of pancreatic juice? Is it rich in HCO3- or Enzymes?
Yes, stimulation of the parasympathetic fibers within the vagus nerve also causes secretion of a small amount of pancreatic juice that is RICH in enzymes. Its influence is less potent than CCK
What is acute pancreatitis
A severe, life-threatening disorder associated with the escape of activated pancreatic enzymes into the pancreas and surrounding tissues
What two enzymes are useful in measuring in the plasma to diagnose inflammation and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells
Pancreatic amylase or Pancreatic lipase
Pancreatic juice enzymes cause what to occur during pancreatitis
The enzymes cause fat necrosis, or autodigestion, of the pancreas and produce fatty acid deposits in the abdominal cavity and hemorrhage from the necrotic vessels.
What is the most common causes of pancreatitis?
Gallstones or Alcohol abuse
How may alcohol lead to pancreatitis?
It is known to be a potent stimulator of pancreatic juice
It is also known to cause contraction of the sphincter of Oddi
Acute pancreatitis is also associated (to a lesser degree) with 6 other things?
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Viral infections
- Abdominal trauma
- Surgical trauma
- Drugs such as steroids and thiazide diuretics
What drugs are also associated with acute pancreatitis?
Steroids
Thiazide diuretics
