section 3

Question 1

what are the plant’s organs

Answer 1

roots, leaves, stems

Question 2

what are the two systems of a plant

Answer 2

shoot system (above ground) and root system (below ground)

Question 3

what is the process of becoming an individual

Answer 3

cell, tissue, organ, system then individual

Question 4

describe the function of the xylem tissue

Answer 4

• transports water
• non-living tubes
• hollow tubes, travel in a linear direction (down to up/concentration gradient)

Question 5

describe the phloem tissue

Answer 5

• transports food
• living, sive tubes
• mostly up and down, but must disperse all over the reach the entire plant
• have companion cells to control activity

Question 6

what types of specializations does a plant have

Answer 6

• root hairs (increases absorption of water and minerals)
• dermal cells that produce the cuticle (protection)
• guard cells (open the stomata for water and gas exchange)
• xylem cells (conduct water)

Question 7

multicellular vs. unicellular

Answer 7

multicellular have many, unicellular have one

Question 8

advantages of being multicellular

Answer 8

• division of labour: specialized cells are more efficient
• size: sa/v ratio restricts the cell’s size
• interdependence: the death of one cell doesn’t mean the death of the entire (unless the abnormalities of a cell - cancer)

Question 9

what processes occur at night

Answer 9

only cell reps.

Question 10

what processes occur during the day

Answer 10

both photosynthesis and cell resp

Question 11

word and balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 11

carbon dioxide + water + (chlorophyll and light) = oxygen and glucose

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + (chlorophyll and light) = C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

Question 12

balanced and word equation for cell resp.

Answer 12

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide, water and cell energy

C(6)H(12)O(6) + O(2) = 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + ATP

Question 13

what are the two environmental differences that can affect the amount and the openings of stomata

Answer 13

HOT and DRY conditions negatively effect the amount of stomata

Question 14

what is cohesion

Answer 14

water molecules attaching to other water molecules because of their polar charge

Question 15

what is adhesion

Answer 15

water molecules attached to other substances

Question 16

what is tropism

Answer 16

a plants response to a stimuli

Question 17

what are the two types of tropism

Answer 17

phototropism: the tip travels towards the light
gravitropism: the growth of the plant is downward

Question 18

what is the function of the cuticle

Answer 18

protects the plant from microorganisms and water loss

Question 19

function of the epidermis

Answer 19

exchange of matter and gas in and out of the cells

Question 20

vascular bundle

Answer 20

transport of material through the cell

Question 21

function of the spongy mesphyll

Answer 21

promotes diffusion

Question 22

function of guard cells

Answer 22

swells and controls the exchange of gas through the stomata

Question 23

function of the stomata

Answer 23

opening where gas is exchanged

Question 24

what is mitosis

Answer 24

the process of cell division that allows growth and repair (one cell literally divides into two)

Question 25

where does mitosis occur

Answer 25

in the meristems (growth area)

Question 26

how the guard cells open and close

Answer 26

1. potassium ions enter due to light and active transport 2. water follows the ions through osmosis (turgid pressure) 3. the cells bulge and create a crescent shape, stomata opens 4. potassium ions leave the cell 5. water follows and the cells become limp and close

Question 27

what is transpiration

Answer 27

the process of water vapour leaving the leaf through the stomata

Question 28

what are lenticels

Answer 28

natural openings in the result of a split in the secondary outer tissues that replace the epidermis. they provide a pathway for gas exchange and have an opening for transpiration to occur.

Question 29

what is the best environment for plant cells

Answer 29

the best environment is a hypotonic one, the water enters by osmosis and the cells become turgid

Question 30

what is the essential role that chlorophyll plays

Answer 30

absorbs the light energy that is necessary for photosynthesis to occur

Question 31

what is plasmolysis

Answer 31

the shrinking of cells due to a hypertonic environment

Question 32

what factor influences the speed of water being transported

Answer 32

heat

Question 33

besides water, what does the root bring up and how

Answer 33

it also transports minerals by active transport