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NPLQ > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is asphyxia and why might it occur

A

suffocation

-tongue blocks airway
-forign object
-strangling
-drowning
-mouth and nose covered

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2
Q

what is cardiac arrest

A

the heart has stopped pumping blood around the body

may need CPR

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3
Q

how do you manage an air way

A

head tilt chin lift

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4
Q

How far do you push down in CPR on an adult and at what bpm

A

5-6cm
100-120bpm

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5
Q

how far do you push down on a baby and child in CPR

A

1/3 of its depth

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6
Q

Is cpr the same for adults and children

A

no

Adult: 2 hands

child: 5 rescue breaths and one hand

baby; 5 rescue breaths and two fingers (under one year)

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7
Q

how often dhould you change the person doing CPR

A

2 minutes

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8
Q

after drowning, they need cpr, how many rescue breaths

A

5

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9
Q

What are some problems with cpr

A

-people with a tracheostomy
-being sick
-air in stomach
-broken ribs
-fluid in the airway

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10
Q

if cpr is required on a spinal what do ypou do

A

get someone to support the head

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11
Q

What are the priorities of first aid? (PAPP)

A

Preserve life
Alleviate suffering
Prevent the situation from getting worse
Promote casualty recovery

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12
Q

What might you wear when dealing with first aid?

A

Gloves

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13
Q

What must you know and get before administering first aid?

A

History
symptoms
signs
consent

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14
Q

How may we assess a casualty?

A

primary survey
DR ABC
if not, move on

secondary survey

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15
Q

what can cause loss of consciousness

A

reduced supply of blood to the brain; faint, heart attack

head injury
extreme temps
seizures

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16
Q

symptoms, Signs and treatment of unconsciousness

A

symptoms; unresponsive

signs: drowsy, confusion

treatment: primary survey, treat any bleeding, secondary survey, loosen clothing, protect from wet or cold, recovery position, dont give food or drink

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17
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment of heart attack

A

symptoms; dizzy, nausea, crushing chest pain, tingling in left arm may spread to jaw, irregular pulse, impending doom, anxiety

signs: pale grey skin, coughing, blue lips/skin, sweaty, difficulty breathing, collapse, clutching chest

treatment; 999, half sitting position, loosen tight clothing, any meds they take, reassure, prepared for cpr

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18
Q

why does a heart attack happen

A

interruption in the blood supply, heart starved of oxygen

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19
Q

why does shock occur

A

failure of circulation, inadequate blood supply to organs

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20
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment of shock

A

symptoms: dizzy, confused, disorientated, thirst

signs; pale cold and clammy skin, blue lips, weak rapid pulse, rapid shallow breathing, unconsiciousness

treatment: lie down, legs raised, loosen clothing, keep warm, no food or drink, 999

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21
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment for asthma attacks

A

symptoms: breathing difficulties

signs; anxiety, difficulty speaking, plae clammy blue lips

treatment: reassure, comfortable sitting position, encourage to use their medication, remove from the cause/room, dont take outside in cold air

999 if gets worse, not normal

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22
Q

What is anaphylaxis? what are its. triggars?

A

Serious allergic reaction

triggars:
foods
medicines
insect stings
latex

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23
Q

Symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis

A

swollen tongue
hoarse voice
difficulty swallowing
noisy breathing
wheeze
cough
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
anaphylactic shock
swelling of hands and feet
red itchy rash
anxiety

may cause problems to airway

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24
Q

what is the treatment for anaphylaxis

A

-ask if they have an auto-injector
-casualty should administer own medicine
-call 999
-sit up to aid breathing
-if faint, lay down and raise legs
-monitor breathing, perform cpr if required

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25
what is hyperventilation
excessive breathing, possibly a result of a panic attack
26
symptoms signs and treatment of hyperventilation
symptoms: dizzy, cramps in hands and feet, pins and needles, tight chest, panic, rapid pulse signs: unnaturally deep breathing, flushed skin treatment: move to quiet area, reassure but be firm, take slow breaths through nose, small sips of water, may need 999
27
how do you apply a dressing or bandage
-to prenvent infection, control bleeding, absorb discharge -clean wound -apply dressing directly -check circulation -apply pressure around foreign body if one, not on it
28
where can bleeding come from and what will it look like
capillaries- trickle out veins- ooze out artery- spurt out (severe)
29
what are minor injuries (bleeding) and treatment
Small cuts: clean water, dry, sterile dressing graze: clean water, dry, sterile dressing bruises: ice pack for no longer than 20 minutes, reduces swelling
30
Symptoms signs and treatment of external bleeding
symptoms: pain, shock, thirst signs: blood treatment: wear gloves, comfortable position, examine for foreign objects, apply direct pressure, apply dressing, may need shock treatment if foreign object, do not remove, build up dressings around it, pressure
31
symptoms signs and treatment of internal bleeding
symptoms; skin is pale cold and clammy, confusion, collapse, bruising, swelling, shock, thirst, weak rapid pulse treatment: 999, lie casualty down, treat for shock
32
varicose vein bleed treatment
lie down, firm direct pressure, dressing, 999
33
treatment for amputation:
apply pressure, dressing -wrap amputated part in cling film, a cloth, or plastic bag, ice pack
34
treatment for nose bleed
sit down, head tilt forward, breath through mouth, apply pressure to soft tissue below bridge, try not to speak swallow cough or sniff, for 10 minutes, more than 30 mins 999
35
teatment for splinters
gloves, clean area, tweezers as close to skin as possible, pull same direction as entered, squeeze out blood, cover with dressing
36
what are the types of burns?
-dry heat (hot surface, fire) -wet heat -chmeical -eletrical -sunburn
37
s, s and t for burns
symptoms: pain, shock, breathing difficulties signs: blistering, swelling, redness, clear fluid, shock treatment: flood with cool water for 20 mins, do not remove clothimg, remove rings or jewellry as swelling may occur,cover with non adehesive like cling film 999 if: child or elderly, severe, inhaled fumes, face hands feet or genitals
38
severity of burns:
superficial- outer layer partial thickness- outer layer and dermis full thickness: all layers depth, location, size, cause depend severity
39
treatment for sunburn
shade, sips of cold wtaer, coll burn with water, 999
40
s, s and tr of electric shocks
symp: pain, shock signs: jolt or jump, burns, shock, unconsciousness, breathing treatment: isolate power, do not touch casualty or wet until isolated, 999, primary survey, treat burns, shock, recovery position
41
types of fractures
open; sticks out skin closed; skin not broken, bruising, swelling complicated: injury to major blood vessels, brain, lungs greenstick: confused with sprains, normally in children
42
trestment of fractures
keep in positioned found in, immobilisation like support limbs, cover exposed wound with sterile dressing, apply pressure
43
dislocation treat
comfortable position, support, 999
44
treatment for sprain or strain
rice rest ice comfortable elevation
45
difference between sprain and strain
sprain: joints, ligaments hab=ve been wrentched strain: muscles are over stretched
46
treatment of cramp:
support, stretch, massage, rest
47
difference between concussion and compression
concussion: altered level of consciousness, confused compression: potentially fatal condition, skull fracture or bleed on the brain
48
s s abd t of head injuries
symp: dizzy, confused, vomitiing, memory loss, headache, seizures signs; change in skin colour, breathing, dialated pupils, fluid coming fromn ear or nose, soft area in skull treatment: 999, lie down, neck and body in line, recovery position if unconscious
49
s s and t of a penatrating chest injury
symp`; difficult painfil breathing signs: air being sucked in, blue/grey skin colour, coughed up blood, treatment; 999, comfortable position, lean towards the injured side, dont cover wound,
50
s s and t of flail chest (multiple broken ribs)
symp`; painful shallow brething, symptoms of fracture signs: paradoxial chest moverments, flail section moves in when exhales ttreatmentL: 999, comfortable, lean to injured side, support arm on injured side
51
treatment for fractured ribs:
sit down, support arm on injured side, hospital
52
s s and t for eye injuries
symp: itchy, pain, impaired vision signs`; eye waters, redness swelling, cant open eye tretment: dont rub eye, spread open wityh finger and thumb, examine, wash out foreign objects water runs away from good eye, appy pad, close good eye too dont remove foreign body if in coloured part or embedded
53
treatmwnt of dental injuries
chipped- broken part in cows milk, rinse mouth with warm water knocked out- pick up by crown and rinse under cold water for 10 secs, place back in socket, if not wrap in cling film or cow milk
54
why might someone faint
injury, illness, fatigue, hot and stuffy, long periods of standing dtill
55
s s and t of fainting
symp; nausea, blurred vision, black spots in eyes signs: pale, sweat, clammy, weak pulse treatment; about to: breathe deep and slow, lay down and raise legs, sips of water already fainted: lay and raise legs, check airway, breathing normally, recovery position
56
what is a stroke
blood clot in brain
57
s s of stroke
FAST face- drooped? arms- raise both arms? speech- clearly? time- 999
58
treatment of a stroke
999, comfortable, lay doen with head and shoulders slightly raised, reassure, monitor, unconscious then put in recovery position
59
3 types of poisoning
drug abuse alcohol abuse release of chemicals or gases
60
s s and t of poisoning
symp- difficulty breathing, dizzy, nausea, abdominal pain, confusion, head ache signs- evidence of poisonus substance unusual smell vomiting pale treatment- safe place, remove cause, rinse mouth out sips of water or milk, 999, if unconscious recovery poistion, cpr required?
61
gas leak?
999, EAP, do not rescue in closed spaces unless unless breathing apparatus
62
s s and t of inscet bites and stings
symp- pain signs- swelling, redness treatment- brush sting out away from skin using a finger nail or credit card, dont use tweezers apply cold compress stings in mouth, suck ice, 999 possibly treatment for anaphylactic shock
63
what are the 2 conditions of diabetes
hypoglycaemia- too little sugar hyperglycaemia- too much sugar
64
s s and t for hypoglycaemia
symp- loss of conc, rapid pulse, faint, trembling of limbs signs- pale skin, sweating, like drunk treatment- sit down amd give a sugary drink or glucose tablets if unconscious, 999, monitor brething
65
s and t of a seizure
signs- collapse, back may arch, lips blue, jerking movements, eyes roll treatment- in water: keep face out of water, dont let heard hit pool side, onec sleep remove from pool and they may sleep, monitor them out of water- remove objects that could cause injury, protect head, loosen clothing, time 999 if- longer than 5 min, has a 2nd seizure, 1st ever one, does not wake up after ten minutes
66
s s and t of ansence seizures
symp- jerking, plucking clothes, swallowing repeatedly lip smacking, dazed treatment- head above water, away from danger, quiet place, wait until they are fully alert
67
s s and t of heat exhaustion
symp- nausea, loss of appetite, headache, dizzy, muscle cramp signs- sweating, clammy pale skin tratment- cool place, sip water, lie down raise legs, cool skin
68
s s and t of hypothermia
symp- cold, slow pulse, tired signs- shivering, slurred speech, confusion, pale cold skin treatment- 999 gentle, warm place, remove wet clothing, comfortable, warm blankets, warm drink
69
secondary surevey key points
-consent, glove, any pain check for bleeding, bruising, swelling, bones, deformity, casualty reation, pain head, mouth, neck,chest, arms, abdomen, pelvis (dont rock) legs, feet
70
71
what is the chain of survival
Early recognition Early CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) Early Defibrillation Post resuscitation care
72
What are the 2 slings
support elevation

NPLQ (3 decks)

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