Section 3- 1970-79

Question 1

What happened in the 1970 election?

Answer 1

Edward Heath won

Question 2

when was the industrial relations act?

Answer 2

1971

Question 3

when was the UK accepted into the EEC

Answer 3

1973

Question 4

When did Wilson become PM for the 2nd time?

Answer 4

1974

Question 5

When was the referendum on EEC membership

Answer 5

1975

Question 6

who succeeded Wilson as PM?

Answer 6

1976- Callaghan

Question 7

when was the Lib-Lab pact?

Answer 7

1977

Question 8

When was the winter of discontent?

Answer 8

1978-79

Question 9

When did Edward Heath become leader of the conservative party?

Answer 9

1965

Question 10

how many seats did Heath win with?

Answer 10

30 seats

Question 11

what happened within the conservatives in 1974?

Answer 11

leadership contest- Thatcher won in 1975

Question 12

what was Heath’s economic policy?

Answer 12

‘one-nation toryism’
end of public funding for ‘lame duck’ industries​
Decimalisation of the british currency
Anthony Barber (Chancellor of the Exchequer), introduced cuts to public spending and taxes leading to inflation but NOT economic growth​
Unemployment increased – unusual economic phenomenon became known as stagflation

Question 13

what was Heath’s famous U-turn?

Answer 13

After aiming for less state intervention, unemployment reaching nearly a million meant they were forced into it – nationalisation of Rolls Royce in 1971 and funding for Upper Clyde Shipbuilders – Heath’s U-turn

Question 14

what had unemployment decreased by in 1973

Answer 14

500,000

Question 15

what economic effect did the Yom Kippur war have?

Answer 15

1973, OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) declared an oil embargo

Question 16

What did NUM do in 1973 (national union of miners)

Answer 16

price of oil quadrupled and miners demanded a pay rise

Question 17

industrial relations issues in 1970

Answer 17

dockers’ strike, pay settlement for dustmen, postal workers’ strike, ‘go-slow’ by power workers​

Question 18

what happened to the national board for prices and income?

Answer 18

Heath abolished it in 1970

Question 19

what influence did Barbara Castle’s in place of strife 1971 do?

Answer 19

set up a Court to provide strike ballots and a ‘cooling-off period’ before strikes​

TUC (Trades Union Congress) and CBI (Confederation of British Industry) opposed the act

Question 20

what did the miner’s trike cause

Answer 20

3 day week

Question 21

1974 election

Answer 21

March 1974 – Labour won election, but in a minority government – inherited inflation of 15% and balance of payment deficit of £3 billion​

In October, Wilson called another election, and won a majority of 3 seats

Question 22

How did Wilson deal with the industrial relations?

Answer 22

Wilson had negotiated the Social Contract with TUC in 1973 while in opposition – voluntary pay restraint in exchange for repeal of Industrial Act and pay board​

Reached an agreement with NUM – end of state of emergency and three-day week

Question 23

How did Dennis Healey help deal with industrial relations?

Answer 23

issued budgets in March and July to promote economic growth while not annoying unions​

Rise in inflation due industrial crisis – Healey gave a speech warning of this in January 1975

Question 24

budget of April 1975

Answer 24

huge increase in taxation and cut in public spending

Question 25

what did the National Enterprise Board (NEB) set up in 1974?

Answer 25

set up in 1974 under Tony Benn to take care of government shares in private companies and provide financial aid where necessary​

Question 26

what The Social Contract that was not limiting wage demands from unions lead to?

Answer 26

1975 pay restraint policy​

Question 27

when was desequilibrium in balance of payments led to pressure on sterling

Answer 27

1976

Question 28

economy under Callaghan’s premiership?

Answer 28

Application for loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of $3.9 billion was successfully gained by Denis Healey in December 1976​

Economy began to recover as a result but was perceived as a humiliation​

By 1978 – nine oilfields in production in the North Sea, inflation fell to 10% and unemployment to 1.6 million

Question 29

how did Callaghan survive the vote of no confidence?

Answer 29

he avoided this by making a pact with the Liberal Party so that 12 would vote with the government, giving him a majority

Question 30

devolution acts

Answer 30

1978 devolution Acts were passed and referendums held on 1 March 1979​

Wales: 20.3% YES/79.7% NO​

Scotland/: 51.3% YES/ 48.4% NO – a simple majority not considered enough – SNP withdrew support from Labour​

Question 31

general election 1979

Answer 31

government lost vote of no confidence in Parliament over Scottish devolution(first time since 1924)​

Majority of media on Conservatives’ side​

Labour vote only dropped by 3% ​

Conservative won a majority of 43 seats due to drop in support for SNP and Liberals

Question 32

when was international Women’s Day inaugurated by the UN?

Answer 32

1977

Question 33

when did the WLM disrupt Miss World Contest​

Answer 33

1970

Question 34

what did the demonstrations in March 1971 in London and Liverpool demand?

Answer 34

equal pay and free 24-hour nurseries

Question 35

when was the first rape crisis centre opened in London

Answer 35

1976

Question 36

when was the domestic violence act introduced?

Answer 36

1976- court orders to restrain violent partners

Question 37

women able to take out mortgage independently

Answer 37

1971

Question 38

1975

Answer 38

Equal Pay Act of 1970 came into force
Reforms to State Earnings Related Pension Scheme and Social Security Pensions Act​
Employment Protection Act – paid maternity leave and outlawed dismissal for pregnancy

Question 39

what happened to women’s wages under the sex discrimination act?

Answer 39

rose from 59% (1970) to 70% (1977) of men’s wages​

Question 40

divisions over europe

Answer 40

Pro-European Heath had replaced non-committal Wilson​

Pompidou replaced Charles de Gaulle, and believed that Britain was valuable to Europe​

Most details had already been arranged in 1962, and so Britain’s accession to the EEC 1971-3 was mostly a formality​

Enoch Powell and some Conservatives believed that joining would reduce Britain’s sovereignty and links to the Commonwealth​

Labour was also divided, with Labour Left reluctant to join and Roy Jenkins leading the Europhiles​

To try to foster unity, Wilson tried to negotiate the terms and called for a national referendum on the issue​

69 Labour MPs secured government majority

Question 41

European referendum 1975

Answer 41

Wilson allowed ministers to campaign for the referendum according to their own views – no collective ministerial responsibility​

By 1975, media and popular support was strongly behind EEC​

‘Yes’ campaign led by Roy Jenkins, Edward Heath, most senior Conservatives, and Jeremy Thorpe (Liberal leader)​

‘No’ campaign led by Barbara Castle and Michael Foot (far left); Tony Benn, Enoch Powell (now UUP), Ian Paisley (DUP)​

Result: Yes – 17 million (68.3%), No – 8 million (32.5%)​

Victory for Wilson as he had avoided Labour split ​

Roy Jenkins left parliament to become a European commissioner

Question 42

why was Heath less focused on atlantic alliance when applying for the EEC

Answer 42

did not want to be seen as a pawn for the USA

Question 43

what was one of the reasons Nixon (US president) had a good relationship with Heath?

Answer 43

Heath was more supportive of the Vietnam war than Wilson

Question 44

what worsened the US-UK relationship

Answer 44

Yom Kippur War of 1973, as UK and Europe refused to allow US to use air bases in case Middle East cut off oil supplies

Question 45

Wilson, Callaghan and the US

Answer 45

Both Wilson and Callaghan continued Atlantic Alliance, especially after Callaghan met Carter in Guadeloupe in January 1979 to negotiate replacing Polaris missiles with Trident

Question 46

what caused concerns over soviet influence in eastern Europe?

Answer 46

Georgi Markov affair of 1978

Question 47

how did heath become a ‘People’s Friendship Envoy’ - highest honour for a foreigner​?

Answer 47

a series of visits after 1974

Question 48

when did Chinese Premier Hua Guofeng visit Britain

Answer 48

1979