Section 3: Pesticides and formulation technology Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define active ingredient.
An active ingredient is the component of a pesticide that is responsible for its effectiveness in controlling pests.
Define inert ingredient.
An inert ingredient is a substance in a pesticide formulation that does not have a pesticidal effect but helps in the application or effectiveness of the active ingredient.
Define solution.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another (solvent).
Define suspension.
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid but not dissolved.
Define emulsion.
An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids where one is dispersed in the other, often stabilized by an emulsifier.
Identify the properties of dusts.
Dusts are dry formulations consisting of small particles that can be easily dispersed in air.
Advantages: Easy to apply; Disadvantages: Can drift and affect non-target areas.
Identify the properties of granules.
Granules are larger particles that are often used for soil application.
Advantages: Reduced drift; Disadvantages: Slower release of active ingredient.
Identify the properties of pellets.
Pellets are uniform, small, round granules that provide a controlled release of active ingredients.
Advantages: Consistent application; Disadvantages: May require specific equipment.
Identify the properties of wettable powders.
Wettable powders are dry formulations that can be mixed with water to form a suspension.
Advantages: Versatile; Disadvantages: Can clump if not mixed properly.
Identify the properties of dry flowables.
Dry flowables are granules that can be suspended in water, similar to wettable powders but easier to handle.
Advantages: Less dust; Disadvantages: Requires thorough mixing.
Identify the properties of soluble powders.
Soluble powders dissolve completely in water to form a solution.
Advantages: Easy to apply; Disadvantages: Can be less stable in storage.
Identify the properties of water soluble concentrates.
Water soluble concentrates are liquid formulations that dissolve in water to form a solution.
Advantages: Quick action; Disadvantages: Requires precise measurement.
Identify the properties of liquid flowables.
Liquid flowables are thick liquids that contain suspended particles and can be mixed with water.
Advantages: Easy to apply; Disadvantages: Can settle if not agitated.
Identify the properties of microencapsulates.
Microencapsulates are tiny particles that contain active ingredients within a protective coating.
Advantages: Controlled release; Disadvantages: Higher cost.
Identify the properties of emulsifiable concentrates.
Emulsifiable concentrates are liquid formulations that can be mixed with water to form an emulsion.
Advantages: Effective coverage; Disadvantages: Can be hazardous to handle.
Identify the properties of fumigants.
Fumigants are volatile substances that can penetrate and kill pests in enclosed spaces.
Advantages: Effective for soil and stored products; Disadvantages: Requires special handling.
Define adjuvant.
An adjuvant is a substance added to a pesticide formulation to enhance its effectiveness or application properties.
List common examples of major types of adjuvants.
Common examples include surfactants, emulsifiers, and spreaders.
State the best source of information on when an adjuvant may be needed.
The best source of information is the pesticide label or manufacturer’s recommendations.
Define pesticide compatibility.
Pesticide compatibility refers to the ability of different pesticides to be mixed together without adversely affecting their performance.
List the general mix order when multiple products are tank mixed.
The general mix order is: 1) Water, 2) Dry formulations, 3) Liquid formulations, 4) Emulsifiable concentrates.
