Section 4

Question 1

Describe the three components involved with memory systems

Answer 1

Encoding
Storage/maintenance
Retrieval

Question 2

What are the two main memory systems?

Answer 2

Short term memory - distinguished by limited capacity - conscious memory

Long term memory - the affects of the history of learning - unlimited and permanent

Question 3

What is the capacity of short term memory?

Answer 3

seven plus or minus two

Question 4

How can the overall amount of information stored in working memory be increased?

Answer 4

Use rules from the long term memory so the things are no longer independent

Question 5

What is meant by chucking in regards to short term memory?

Answer 5

Pieces of information are bound together into a meaningful whole

Question 6

What is decay?

Answer 6

Passage of time = decrease in function

Question 7

What is displacement?

Answer 7

Short term memory has a limited capacity which means when you bring things in, others have to leave

Question 8

What are the two types of interference in short term and long term memory?

Answer 8

Proactive interference - Learn A, Learn B, Recall B (STM)

Retroactive interference - Learn A, Learn B, Recall A (STM)

Question 9

What is meant by depth of processing?

Answer 9

The more connections we draw, the better we remember

Question 10

What is maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 10

Repetition

Question 11

What is elaborative rehearsal?

Answer 11

Relation to things in long term memory

Question 12

What is the method of loci?

Answer 12

First you memorize a series of places, then you use a divide image to associate each location with something you want to remember

Question 13

What are the two major theories of sleep?

Answer 13

Rest and repair

Evolutionary theory

Question 14

What are the five stages of sleep?

Answer 14

1: High frequency low amplitude
2: Sleep talking occurs here
3:
4: The deepest stage - decrease in frequency - increase in amplitude and synchronicity -
REM:
- irregular heartbeat and breathing
EEG reads as awake
EMG shows no muscle activity
EOG shows eye movements
Dreams occur here

Question 15

What is freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 15

The manifest content: story
The latent content: meaning (symbolic)
No evidence

Question 16

What is the activation synthesis theory?

Answer 16

When the pons (part of the brainstem) is active it turns stimulation into stories in dream
(hard to test)